BSC 108 Exam 3 Study Guide 100% Correct | Verified 2024 Version

BSC 108 Exam 3 Study Guide | 100% Correct | Verified | 2024 Version DNA is composed of ____ subunits. - Nucleotide DNA has a ____ backbone covalently bonded to _____-containing bases - Sugar-phosphate Nitrogen A DNA molecule contains how many strands of DNA? These strands form what? This means that they are _____. - 2 A double helix Complementary What are the nitrogen-containing bases? - Adenine Guanine Thymine Cytosine The nitrogen-containing bases of the two strands are held to each other by ____ - Hydrogen bonds Adenine always pairs with _____ - Thymine Cytosine always pairs with _____ - GuanineHow does a molecule of DNA replicate? - One parent molecule that has two complementary strands separates Each strand is used as a template to make a new strand Each of the two daughter molecules will be composed of one "old" (parent) strand and one "new" strand The two parent strands separate at the ____ - Origin of replication Synthesis of two new complementary strands occurs in the _____ using the ____ as templates - Replication bubble Parent strands The replication bubbles merge as DNA replication progresses in both directions at the ______ - Replication forks An organism's DNA leads to specific traits by _____ - Dictating the synthesis of proteins What is the structure of RNA? - Ribose + A nitrogenous base + A phosphate group (A, G, C, U) ____ is a single-stranded nucleic acid - RNA RNA contains ____ instead of thymine - Uracil RNA contains ____ instead of deoxyribose - Ribose What are the 3 types of RNA? - mRNA tRNA rRNA What is the function of mRNA? - Carries the genetic information copied from DNAThis is the molecule that is translated into protein What is the function of tRNA? - Acts as a molecular interpreter to convert the three letter words (codons) of nucleic acids to the amino acid words of proteins What is the function of rRNA? - Associates with a set of proteins to form ribosomes Genes code for specific proteins via what 2 processes? - Transcription Translation What is transcription? - The synthesis of mRNA under the direction of DNA Where does transcription take place? - In the nucleus What is translation? - The synthesis of a polypeptide (which will late become a protein) under the