CRITICAL CARE NURSING EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A+
What is Hemodynamic Monitoring?
Measurement of pressure, flow and oxygenation within the cardiovascular system.
What are values that are measured in the ICU with Hemodynamic Monitoring?
Systemic and Pulmonary arterial pressures, central venous pressures (CVP),
pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP), CO/CI, SV/SV index (SVI) and O2
saturation of the hemoglobin of arterial blood (SaO2) and mixed venous oxygen
saturation (SvO2).
What is Cardiac Output?
The volume of blood in liters pumped by the heart in 1 minute.
What is the Stroke Volume?
The volume ejected with each heartbeat.
What determines Blood Pressure?
CO and the forces opposing blood flow.
What determines SV?
Preload, afterload, and contractility.
What is Preload?
Volume within the ventricle at the end of diastole.
What does PAWP reflect?
A measurement of pulmonary capillary pressure that reflects left ventricular end
diastolic pressure under normal conditions (i.e., when there is no mitral valve
dysfunction, intracardiac defect, or dysrhythmia).
What is CVP?
Measured in the right atrium, or in the vena cava close to the heart, is the right
ventricular preload or right ventricular end-diastolic pressure when there is no tricuspid
valve dysfunction, intracardiac defect or dysrhythmia.
What is Afterload?
, Refers to the forces opposing ventricular ejection.
What does the Afterload include?
The systemic arterial pressure, the resistance offered by the aortic valve, and the mass
and density of the blood to be moved.
What is Systemic Vascular Resistance?
The resistance of the systemic vascular bed.
What is Pulmonary Vascular Resistance?
The resistance of the pulmonary vascular bed.
What is Contractility?
Describes the strength of contraction.
What are examples of positive inotropes?
Epinephrine, norepinephrine (Levophed), isoproterenol (Isuprel), dopamine (Intropin),
dobutamine (Dobutrex), digitalis-like drugs, calcium, and milrinone.
What category of drugs increase contractility?
Positive Inotropes.
What category of drugs decrease contractility?
Negative Inotropes.
What are examples of negative inotropes?
Drugs (e.g., alcohol, calcium channel blockers, B-adrenergic blockers,) and clinical
conditions (e.g., acidosis).
What does increased contractility result it?
Increased SV and increased myocardial O2 requirements.
What is the normal pressure in the Right Atrium, or the CVP?
2 - 8 mm Hg.
What is the normal PAWP or LAP?
6 - 12 mm Hg.
What is the normal MAP?
70 - 105 mm Hg.
What is the normal SV?
60 - 150 mL/beat.
What is the normal CO?
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A+
What is Hemodynamic Monitoring?
Measurement of pressure, flow and oxygenation within the cardiovascular system.
What are values that are measured in the ICU with Hemodynamic Monitoring?
Systemic and Pulmonary arterial pressures, central venous pressures (CVP),
pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP), CO/CI, SV/SV index (SVI) and O2
saturation of the hemoglobin of arterial blood (SaO2) and mixed venous oxygen
saturation (SvO2).
What is Cardiac Output?
The volume of blood in liters pumped by the heart in 1 minute.
What is the Stroke Volume?
The volume ejected with each heartbeat.
What determines Blood Pressure?
CO and the forces opposing blood flow.
What determines SV?
Preload, afterload, and contractility.
What is Preload?
Volume within the ventricle at the end of diastole.
What does PAWP reflect?
A measurement of pulmonary capillary pressure that reflects left ventricular end
diastolic pressure under normal conditions (i.e., when there is no mitral valve
dysfunction, intracardiac defect, or dysrhythmia).
What is CVP?
Measured in the right atrium, or in the vena cava close to the heart, is the right
ventricular preload or right ventricular end-diastolic pressure when there is no tricuspid
valve dysfunction, intracardiac defect or dysrhythmia.
What is Afterload?
, Refers to the forces opposing ventricular ejection.
What does the Afterload include?
The systemic arterial pressure, the resistance offered by the aortic valve, and the mass
and density of the blood to be moved.
What is Systemic Vascular Resistance?
The resistance of the systemic vascular bed.
What is Pulmonary Vascular Resistance?
The resistance of the pulmonary vascular bed.
What is Contractility?
Describes the strength of contraction.
What are examples of positive inotropes?
Epinephrine, norepinephrine (Levophed), isoproterenol (Isuprel), dopamine (Intropin),
dobutamine (Dobutrex), digitalis-like drugs, calcium, and milrinone.
What category of drugs increase contractility?
Positive Inotropes.
What category of drugs decrease contractility?
Negative Inotropes.
What are examples of negative inotropes?
Drugs (e.g., alcohol, calcium channel blockers, B-adrenergic blockers,) and clinical
conditions (e.g., acidosis).
What does increased contractility result it?
Increased SV and increased myocardial O2 requirements.
What is the normal pressure in the Right Atrium, or the CVP?
2 - 8 mm Hg.
What is the normal PAWP or LAP?
6 - 12 mm Hg.
What is the normal MAP?
70 - 105 mm Hg.
What is the normal SV?
60 - 150 mL/beat.
What is the normal CO?
