Biology 120 (Midterm) Questions And Answers With Verified Solutions

Abiogenesis - The process of life originating from inanimate (lifeless) matter by natural causes All forms of life grouped into these 3 domains - Archaea Bacteria Eukarya Amyloplasts - A type of leucoplast Colorless plastids that store starch, a product of photosynthesis Anaphase - Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite spindle poles Movement continues until the separated chromatids are now called daughter chromosomes Anchoring belts - form belts that run entirely around cells Animals follow the pattern... - In which the diploid phase dominated the lifecycle Meiosis is followed directly by gamete formation Fertilization restores the diploid phase of the life cycle Aster - The centromeres at the spindle tips, which form the poles of the spindle Binary Fission Steps - Replication begins at a single origin of replication or ori Single chromosome is replicated prior to cell division Replication takes place in the middle of the cell where DNA enzymes are locatedOnce two new chromosomes fully formed, the plasma membrane pinches inward separating the two cells New cell wall material is then synthesized which fully separates the cells from each other Cell junctions - Animal cells... Anchoring Junctions Tight Junctions Gap Junctions Extracellular matrix Cell theory - 1. All organisms composed of 1 or more cells 2. Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms 3. Cells only arrive from the division of pre-existing cells Cell wall - Only in plant cells Provides support to individual cells, contain pressure produced in central vacuole,, and protect against invading bacteria and fungi Centrioles - Barrel shaped organelles arranged in pairs perpendicular (T-shape) Found in the cells of animals and some lower plants (non flowering) Contain microtubules arranged in 9 groups of 3 Centrioles located within a centrosome Centrosome - The main microtubule organizing centre of the cell Chloroplasts - The site of photosynthesis IN PLANT CELLSLight energy into chemical energy Can store carbohydrates as starch grains in their storm Chromolasts - Contain red and yellow and orange carotenoid pigments and responsible for colors of fruit and autumn leaves Chromosome Segregation - The equal distribution of daughter chromosomes into each of the two daughter cells that result from cell division