EDEXCEL A LEVEL GEOGRAPHY
PAPER 2 June 2024 Exam Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
Globalization - Answer>>The growing interdependence of
countries, people and cultures worldwide through increasing
connections including trade in goods and services and flows of
capital, technology and ideas/
Shrinking world - Answer>>Although physical distances around
the world are unchanged, technology has massively reduced the
time it takes to trade, travel, and communicate globally.
Transport developments for globalisation - Answer>>- Railways
- Aircraft
- Containerisation
ICT developments for globalisation - Answer>>- Mobile
phones/telephones
- The internet
- GIS/GPS
- Broadband/fibre optics
Political and economic organisations - Answer>>1. World bank
2. International monetary fund (IMF)
3. World Trade Organisation (WTO)
Why were political and economic organisations needed post
WW2? - Answer>>Following the second-world-war, the
economically weak western nations wanted to prevent the spread
of communism from the east, which they saw as a threat. These
organisations were established for economic development, and to
control and oversee international agreements.
,Trade restrictions - Answer>>- Tariffs
- Quotas
- Embargo
- Subsidies
Tariffs - Answer>>A tax placed on goods that are imported from
other countries
Quotas - Answer>>A limit placed on the number of goods that
are imported from other countries
Embargo - Answer>>A ban placed on certain goods imported
from other countries
Subsidies - Answer>>A sum of money granted by the
government to help an industry or business keep the price of
goods low
WTO goal - Answer>>The WTO wants to eradicate barriers to
trade
Free Trade - Answer>>Trade without any restrictions
Free Trade process - Answer>>1. Governments take away
barriers that make trade more difficult and costly.
2. As coasts are reduced, TNCs will see a profit and want to
invest in nations.
3. TNCs will bring new ideas, products, cultures, etc. to a nation
4. Also the TNC will generate wealth.
5. Their wealth and development will increase standard of life and
demand for foreign products.
6. As an economy has more TNCs, they become more
interconnected and interdependent for each other.
,Trading Blocs - Answer>>Countries which group together to
improve their economic interest and trading patterns. They often
do this by placing barriers to trade with countries outside the
group.
NAFTA - Answer>>North American Free Trade Agreement
- USA, Mexico, Canada
- Population = 472m
- Combined GDP (PPP) = $20.2 tn
EU - Answer>>European Union
- Population = 508m
= GDP (PPP) $19 tn
MERCOSAR - Answer>>Southern Common Market
- Six full members
- Population = 289m
- GDP (PPP) $4 tn
- South America
OPEC - Answer>>Organisation of petroleum exporting
countries
- A group of 12 major oil producing countries
- African, South American, and Middle Eastern members
- Control around 2/3 of global oil reserves
- They can make sure they get a fair price from oil consuming
countries
ASEAN - Answer>>Association of South East Asian Nations
- 10 countries formed in 1967
- Combined population of 625 million
- Combined GDP (PPP) = $3.6 tn
- Seventh largest economy in the world
, Social positives of trading groups - Answer>>- Withing social
and political unions people are often free to live and work in the
country of their choice within the union.
- Living standards go up as trade prospers
Social negatives of trading groups - Answer>>- With relaxed
borders it is easier for illegal immigrants to move around within
the bloc
- Legislation can limit workers as well as protect them
Economic positives of trading groups - Answer>>- Trade blocs
protect the are'as economy from competition
- Free trade within the bloc
- Market access and trade creation
- Economies of scale
- Jobs may be created as a consequence of increased trade
between member economies
- Firms inside the bloc are protected from cheaper imports from
outside.
- Inefficient producers within the bloc can be protected from more
efficient ones outside the bloc.
- Being within a trading bloc encourages FOREIGN DIRECT
INVESTMENT from TNCs
- Trading blocs can help companies grow
Economic negatives of trading groups - Answer>>- The benefits
of global free trade can be lost as countries concentrate trade
withing their trade area or bloc
- Trade blocs cost money
Environmental positive of trading groups - Answer>>Social and
economic unions can set high environmental standards
PAPER 2 June 2024 Exam Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
Globalization - Answer>>The growing interdependence of
countries, people and cultures worldwide through increasing
connections including trade in goods and services and flows of
capital, technology and ideas/
Shrinking world - Answer>>Although physical distances around
the world are unchanged, technology has massively reduced the
time it takes to trade, travel, and communicate globally.
Transport developments for globalisation - Answer>>- Railways
- Aircraft
- Containerisation
ICT developments for globalisation - Answer>>- Mobile
phones/telephones
- The internet
- GIS/GPS
- Broadband/fibre optics
Political and economic organisations - Answer>>1. World bank
2. International monetary fund (IMF)
3. World Trade Organisation (WTO)
Why were political and economic organisations needed post
WW2? - Answer>>Following the second-world-war, the
economically weak western nations wanted to prevent the spread
of communism from the east, which they saw as a threat. These
organisations were established for economic development, and to
control and oversee international agreements.
,Trade restrictions - Answer>>- Tariffs
- Quotas
- Embargo
- Subsidies
Tariffs - Answer>>A tax placed on goods that are imported from
other countries
Quotas - Answer>>A limit placed on the number of goods that
are imported from other countries
Embargo - Answer>>A ban placed on certain goods imported
from other countries
Subsidies - Answer>>A sum of money granted by the
government to help an industry or business keep the price of
goods low
WTO goal - Answer>>The WTO wants to eradicate barriers to
trade
Free Trade - Answer>>Trade without any restrictions
Free Trade process - Answer>>1. Governments take away
barriers that make trade more difficult and costly.
2. As coasts are reduced, TNCs will see a profit and want to
invest in nations.
3. TNCs will bring new ideas, products, cultures, etc. to a nation
4. Also the TNC will generate wealth.
5. Their wealth and development will increase standard of life and
demand for foreign products.
6. As an economy has more TNCs, they become more
interconnected and interdependent for each other.
,Trading Blocs - Answer>>Countries which group together to
improve their economic interest and trading patterns. They often
do this by placing barriers to trade with countries outside the
group.
NAFTA - Answer>>North American Free Trade Agreement
- USA, Mexico, Canada
- Population = 472m
- Combined GDP (PPP) = $20.2 tn
EU - Answer>>European Union
- Population = 508m
= GDP (PPP) $19 tn
MERCOSAR - Answer>>Southern Common Market
- Six full members
- Population = 289m
- GDP (PPP) $4 tn
- South America
OPEC - Answer>>Organisation of petroleum exporting
countries
- A group of 12 major oil producing countries
- African, South American, and Middle Eastern members
- Control around 2/3 of global oil reserves
- They can make sure they get a fair price from oil consuming
countries
ASEAN - Answer>>Association of South East Asian Nations
- 10 countries formed in 1967
- Combined population of 625 million
- Combined GDP (PPP) = $3.6 tn
- Seventh largest economy in the world
, Social positives of trading groups - Answer>>- Withing social
and political unions people are often free to live and work in the
country of their choice within the union.
- Living standards go up as trade prospers
Social negatives of trading groups - Answer>>- With relaxed
borders it is easier for illegal immigrants to move around within
the bloc
- Legislation can limit workers as well as protect them
Economic positives of trading groups - Answer>>- Trade blocs
protect the are'as economy from competition
- Free trade within the bloc
- Market access and trade creation
- Economies of scale
- Jobs may be created as a consequence of increased trade
between member economies
- Firms inside the bloc are protected from cheaper imports from
outside.
- Inefficient producers within the bloc can be protected from more
efficient ones outside the bloc.
- Being within a trading bloc encourages FOREIGN DIRECT
INVESTMENT from TNCs
- Trading blocs can help companies grow
Economic negatives of trading groups - Answer>>- The benefits
of global free trade can be lost as countries concentrate trade
withing their trade area or bloc
- Trade blocs cost money
Environmental positive of trading groups - Answer>>Social and
economic unions can set high environmental standards
