NUR 227 Exam 1 Final Review Quiz_ Updated Questions and Answers 100% Already Graded A+ Excel 2024

NUR 227 Exam 1 Final Review Quiz_ Updated Questions and Answers 100% Already Graded A+ Excel 2024 What are the indications for IV therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER-Supply fluid when clients are unable to take in an adequate volume of fluids by mouth Provide salts and other electrolytes needed to maintain electrolyte imbalance Provide glucose Provide water-soluble vitamins and medications Establish a lifeline for rapidly needed medications How should suitable veins feel? - CORRECT ANSWER-Smooth and pliable Tips to dilate veins? - CORRECT ANSWER-Tourniquet Gravity Fist clenching Tapping vein Warm compresses Blood pressure cuff Tunneled Lines - CORRECT ANSWER-Placed in OR Tunneled under skin Removal by MD/APRN only Tunneled Line Advantages/Disadvantages - CORRECT ANSWER-Advantage: Doesn't require needle sticks Disadvantage: Prolonged break in skin integrity CLABSI - CORRECT ANSWER-Laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection not related to an infection at another site that develops within 48 hours of central line placement Signs of Fluid Overload - CORRECT ANSWER-Dyspnea, crackles, nasal flaring, JVD, weight gain, edema What to do when fluid overload occurs? - CORRECT ANSWER-Give diuretics Reduce rate and notify provider Air Embolism Signs - CORRECT ANSWER-Chest pain, dyspnea, tachycardia, hypotension, and dizziness Air Embolism Treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-Oxygen Turn patient on left side with head down Phlebitis Definition - CORRECT ANSWER-Inflammation of the inner layer of the vein Phlebitis Signs - CORRECT ANSWER-Redness, tenderness, pain, warmth along the vein, red streak, palpable cord along vein Phlebitis Treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-Stop infusion, discontinue IV Apply warm moist compress Infiltration Signs - CORRECT ANSWER-Skin taut, cool to touch, blanched, edematous Infiltration Treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-Stop infusion Discontinue IV Elevate Apply compress Extravasation - CORRECT ANSWER-When a vesicant enters tissues Extravasation Signs - CORRECT ANSWER-Pain, swelling, erythema, and blistering Extravasation Treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-Stop infusion Disconnect tubing and aspirate medication, call provider Usually requires an incident report Crystalloid IV solution - CORRECT ANSWER-Contain small molecules that flow easily across semipermeable membranes. They are categorized according to their relative tonicity in relation to plasma. There are three types: isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic. Colloids - CORRECT ANSWER-Contain large molecules that do not pass through semipermeable membranes. Can be intravascular volume and raising BP. Indicated for patients in malnourished states and patients who cannot tolerate large infusions of fluid Isotonic - CORRECT ANSWER-Has the same concentration of solutes as blood plasma What is 0.9% Normal Saline used Wfor? - CORRECT ANSWER-Fluid volume deficit; with blood products; replace large sodium losses (burns and trauma) What is 0.9% normal saline cautioned against? - CORRECT ANSWER-CHF, pulmonary edema, and renal impairment, or conditions that cause sodium retention as it may risk fluid volume overload What is Dextrose 5% in Water used for? - CORRECT ANSWER-To supply water/hydration when NPO and to correct an increase in serum osmolality What is Dextrose 5% in Water cautioned against? - CORRECT ANSWER-Don't use for fluid resuscitation because hyperglycemia can result Don't use for patient's with increased intracranial pressure because cerebral edema can result What are Lactated Ringers used for? - CORRECT ANSWER-To correct dehydration, for sodium depletion, and replace GI tract fluid losses. Can also be used in fluid losses due to burns, fistula drainage, and trauma What are Lactated Ringers cautioned against? - CORRECT ANSWER-Should not be given to patients who can't metabolize lactate Hypotonic IV solutions - CORRECT ANSWER-Have a lower osmolality and contain fewer solutes than plasma. Causes fluid to shift from the ECF into the ICF to achieve homeostasis, causing cells to swell Hypotonic fluid examples - CORRECT ANSWER-0.45% normal saline 0.33% normal saline 0.225% normal saline 2.5% dextrose in water What are hypotonic fluids used for? - CORRECT ANSWER-Replacing water in patients who have hypovolemia with hypernatremia. Used to treat hypernatremia. What are hypotonic fluids cautioned against? - CORRECT ANSWER-May exacerbate hypovolemia and hypotension. Avoid use in patients with liver disease, trauma, or burns