AAAE Certified Member Study Guide (2023) answered

AAAE Certified Member Study Guide (2023) answered The AAAE Certified Member Modules are materials airport managers can use as... - Airport regulation - Airport case Law - Final authoritative documents - A daily reference and field guide - correct answer A daily reference and field guide Which statement is False? - Each Airport has its own unique geography - it is impossible to accurately capture how each public-use airport in the US operates at all levels of its position - When you've seen one airport, you've seen one airport - Each airport has the same operating characteristics - correct answer Each airport has the same operating characteristics When using the term "Airport Sponsor", the authors of the AAAE modules are referring to the... - Airport director - Governing body - Federal Aviation Administration - Airport management - correct answer Governing body An airport has many customers, however, the airport must serve the... - Community - Stakeholders - Pilot - Airlines - correct answer Pilot In 1970, The Airport and Airway Development Act brought about all except the following - Airport and Airway Trust Fund - Planning Grant Program (PGP) - Airport Development Aid Program (ADAP) - National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS) - correct answer National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS) (T/F) The FAA does not include in its planning or funding decision-making any private airports unless they are publicly accessible or military airports that do not host any civilian operations. - correct answer True The National Plan of integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS) identifies 3,345 public-use airports that are important to the national air transportation system and eligible toreceive grant funds under the FAA Airport Improvement Program (AIP). An airport can be included in the NPIAS for all of the following reasons except... - GA reliever airport - Serving a community that is at least 15 minutes from the nearest NIPIAS airport - Publicly owned - Part of a State Airport System - correct answer Serving a community that is at least 15 minutes from the nearest NPIAS airport Commercial service airports are grouped into two major categories - National and Regional - Civilian and Military - Large hub and small hub - Primary and non-primary - correct answer Primary and non-primary A passenger enplanement can be defined as... - A passenger using a handicap ramp - A take-off and a landing - A passenger boarding a commercial flight - A passenger getting off any type of aircraft - correct answer A passenger boarding a commercial flight The FAA uses three primary measurements to gauge airport activity. Which statistic is not one of the three? - Total passenger traffic - Passenger enplanements - Aircraft operations - Cargo tonnage - correct answer Total passenger traffic Although federally regulated, public-use airports can be operated by all of the following organizational structures except - Airport Authority - City - State Government - Department of Commerce - correct answer Department of Commerce Successful airports can be observed creating effective working relationships between - City and County - Vendors and Customers - Airlines and Pilots - Airport policy makers and Management - correct answer Airport policy makers and Management (T/F) Airport sponsors must maintain their responsibility to the FAA to operate the airport as an essential component of the national aviation system without regard to any negative impact to the airport's community - correct answer FalseAs a manager of a federally obligated public-use airport, your airport generates revenue, such as landing fees, building rentals, and fuel flowage fees. What percentage of the income derived must be utilized for airport purposes? - 0% - 100% - 100% in excess of Fair Market Value (FMV) - 50% - correct answer 100% Airports are distinctly different from traditional municipal operations in that they can operate as - Centralized governments - Federal agencies - L.L.Cs - Stand-alone enterprises - correct answer Stand-alone enterprises Generally, airport authority board members are compensated as follows: - $1 a year to comply with federal and state labor laws - Fair Market Value - Minimum Wage - Do not receive compensation and serve in a voluntary capacity - correct answer Do not receive compensation and serve in a voluntary capacity Each type of airport of ownership has advantages and disadvantages. What is a potential disadvantage to the municipality owned structure? - Power to tax and issue bonds - access to other city/county departments - Can be viewed as another department of the city/county - Access to larger sources of funding - correct answer Can be viewed as another department of the City/County The debate over the status of the airport as either a public entity or a business enterprise will likely continue for decades, but the simplest understanding is that... - An airport is a government entity run by elected officials - An airport is a Department of Transportation sub-organization - An airport is a public entity that is run like a business - An airport is an enterprise fund with many departments - correct answer An airport is a public entity that is run like a business The most common positions at an airport that are outside of the vertical structure are the - Finance and administration personnel - Operations and maintenance positions - Legal counsel and auditor - Certification inspector and regulator - correct answer Legal counsel and auditorThe terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001 resulted in the Aviation and Transportation Security Act of 2001 moving the airport and aircraft operator security regulations from the FAA to the newly created - Transportation Security Administration - Civil Aviation Office - Dept. of Homeland Security - National Transportation Security Board - correct answer Transportation Security Administration As a new airport manager trying to inventory all applicable airport laws, and regulations, he or she be careful not to omit which form of hidden regulation? - FARs - FAA orders - Cert. Alerts - Grant Assurances - correct answer Grant Assurances The Flight Standards District Office, commonly known as FSDO, is responsible for - Food safety on the concourses - Flow of air traffic and NAVAID maintenance - Enforcing laws for aircraft and pilot certification and licensing - Regulating all aviation safety in the US - correct answer Enforcing laws for aircraft and pilot certification and licensing Federal Grant Assurances require the airport operator to do all of the following except: - Operate the airport in the public interest - Use specific lands approved by the FAA for non-aeronautical use to generate revenue to support the airport's aviation needs - Grant exclusive rights for aeronautical purposes or uses - Maintain the airport in good and serviceable condition - correct answer Grant exclusive rights for aeronautical purposes or uses If the FAA or an aeronautical user believes that the airport is in violation of its Grant Assurances, it may file a complaint with the FAA through the Part 13 or Part 16 process. Part 13 complaints are... - Considered informal - Handled with definitive timelines - submitted straight to FAA headquarters - Typically used for Grant Assurance Violations - correct answer Considered Informal (T/F) The Federal government has complete authority over airspace and aircraft operations. - correct answer True Airport land use is critical component of airport management. Grant Assurance 5. Preserving Rights and Powers prevents an airport Sponsor from taking any action that may deprive the Airport Sponsor of its rights to - Charge fees consistent with the sustainability rule- Create jobs and payroll - Direct and control airport development - Regulate interstate commerce - correct answer Direct and control airport development (T/F) The FAA Grant Assurances require the Airport Executive to attempt to prevent both incompatible land use and obstructions to the navigable airspace around the airport even it it's beyond the airports property boundaries - correct answer True The airport property map does all of the following except - Show funding source used to acquire tracts - Show proposed airport development - Indicate use of land - Indicate how tracts were acquired - correct answer Show proposed airport development Defending the airport from incompatible off-airport land use starts with which document? - Airport Master Plan - ALD Drawing - Airport Rules and Regulations - "Exhibit A" Property Map - correct answer Airport Master Plan While the FAA has traditionally opposed residential land use on and around airports, all of the following are allowable except - Aircraft rescue and fire fighting facilities with 24-hour coverage requirement - Finance manager sleeping room during single-audit - Temporary pilot or crew rest facilities - Air ambulance operations - correct answer Finance manager sleeping room during single-audit Kansas State University's Polytechnic Campus is an "off-airport" entity and is a perfect example of a - Non-aeronautical user - Through-the-fence-operator - Exclusive right tenant - Fixed Base Operator - correct answer Through-the-fence operator Grant Assurance 19 requires the airport to be operating all times in a safe and serviceable condition. The two primary guiding documents that serve as airport Sponsor tools in this endeavor are the - Airport Emergency Plan and Certification Manual - Minimum Standards and Airport Rules and Regulations - Airport Master Plan and "Exhibit A" Property Map - Airport Layout Plan and Drawing - correct answer Minimum Standards and Airport Rules and ReguationsThe FAA's hangar use policy was clarified in 2016 whereby it stated that aircraft hangars should be used to store aircraft, which is an approved aeronautical use. If this policy is violated, the federal government is essentially subsidizing - A non-aeronautical function on an airport - Airport hangar maintenance - An aeronautical use - Airfield operations - correct answer A non-aeronautical function on an airport Grant Assurance 39 relates to competitive access for air carriers. If an Airport Sponsor is already served by one air carrier and doesn't have existing facilities to accommodate a 2nd interested air carrier in establishing service, the Airport Sponsor - Has met its obligation if there are no existing facilities remaining to add another airline - Should report this to the Secretary of Transportation - Should work to accommodate the interested air carrier - can prohibit the new air carrier from operating at the airport - correct answer Should work to accommodate the interested air carrier Far Part 43, Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, Rebuilding, and Alteration provides pilots the ability to perform maintenance on any aircraft they own or operate, provided the plane is not used to conduct - Commercial flight operations - IFR flight operations - TTF flights - Flights with passengers other than the pilot - correct answer Commercial Flight Operations Airports must generate revenue in order to provide for the safe, secure and efficient transportation system that is expected by the public and the FAA. Revenue can be categorized as all of the following except - Capital - Aeronautical - Non-aeronautical - non-operating - correct answer Capital (T/F) Airport tenants do not expect to be charged more than it costs to cover the expenses associated with providing a safe, secure, and efficient airport operation. - correct answer True Which of the following is not an example of airport operating revenue - Passenger Facility Charges - Fuel flowage fees - Rental cars - Concessions - correct answer Passenger Facility Charges Utilizing airport revenue for purposes other than airport capital or operating costs is a violation of Grant Assurance 25 and is known as- Non-aeronautical subsidies - Posserory tax violation - Revenue diversion - Payments in Lieu of Taxes - correct answer Revenue diversion The Airport and Airway Improvement Act of 1982 requires airports to be as selfsustaining as possible. Self-sustaining means - The airport has built up large revenue surpluses - The airport does not accept federal or state grant monies for capital projects - The airport fees are fair and reasonable - The airport relies only on its revenue streams for operational expenses - correct answer The airport relies only on its revenue streams for operational expenses The FAA's Rates and Charges Policy provides comprehensive guidance on the legal requirement that airport fees be (select all that apply) - Not unjustly discriminatory - Reasonable - Sweetheart deal - Fair - correct answer Not unjustly discriminatory, Reasonable, Fair Fair market fees for use of the airport are required for non-aeronautical use of the airport and are - Required for non-airfield aeronautical use - Optional for non-airfield aeronautical use - correct answer Optional for non-airfield aeronautical use The Airport Sponsor would not need to recieve Fair Market Value (FMV) if it leased property to which of the following - Corporation - Limited Liability Company - Angel Flights - Sole Propietorship - correct answer Angel Flights The residual method of rates and charges setting can best be described as - The airport applies excess non-aeronautical revenue to the airfield costs to reduce air carrier fees. - A hybrid between a compensatory and rate-based method - The airport is required to make sure the expenses do not exceed the revenue received - The airport assumes all liability for airport costs and retains all airport revenue and the user is charged only for the cost of the aeronautical facility - correct answer The airport applies excess non-aeronautical revenue to the airfield costs to reduce air carrier fees. (T/F) The FAA will not allow airport improvement program grant funding to be used for Value Engineered projects - correct answer FalseThere are many IT systems at airports. All the systems below are examples of common IT systems at airports except - Airfield lighting - Flight information Displays - Majority-of-interest (MII) - Property and Asset Management Systems - correct answer Majority-of-interest (MII) Most will agree that a __________ year lease, is a life-time lease - 75 - 99 - 65 - 35 - correct answer 99 A current trend in airport concessions at medium to large-hub airports are the - Duty-free shops - Local Mom & Pop Shops - Self-serve coffee shops - Shopping center and/or brand-name concessions - correct answer Shopping center and/or brand-name concessions All of the following are common types of lease agreements except - Modified gross - Straight - Revaluation - Graduated - Percentage - correct answer Modified gross There are 3 basic approaches to leasing concession space. Under the standard approach, the airport management directly leases and manages the space. With this method - Does not benefit from larger share of revenues if successful - Assumes no risk - The airport assumes the risk and will benefit from a larger portion of the revenue if the concession is successful - Shares the risk equally with a development company - correct answer The airport assumes the risk and will benefit from a larger portion of the revenue if the concession is successful Airports are capital intensive facilities. Select all the most common ways airport sponsors can generate monies for capital projects - PFC's - Customer Facility Charges - Bonds - Bank operating loan - correct answer PFC's, Customer Facility Charges, Bonds Passenger Facility Charges are- Unlimited ticket taxes set by each airport - Levied on commercial airline tickets - Collected by the airport FBO - Collected by charter operators and remitted to the airport sponsors - correct answer Levied on commercial airline tickets A common activity on airport is "self-fueling". This process means the aircraft owner - Uses a fuel from renewable energy source - Operates an FBO - Does not have to pay the airport sponsor a fuel flowage fee _ Obtains and uses fuel from the source of his/her preference - correct answer Obtains and uses fuel from the source of his/her preference (T/F) FAA Airport Improvement Program Funding and Passenger Facility Charges were designed under the concept that the users of the aviation systems, as opposed to all citizens, would pay for the aviation transport systems. - correct answer True The AIP process is regulated under FAA order 5100-38C otherwise known as the Airport Improvement Program Handbook. Periodically the FAA will issue __________ to add or revise guidance about the administration of AIP related to the AIP Handbook. - Advisory Circulars (AC) - FARs - Program Guidance Letters (PGL) - Airport Directives (ADs) - correct answer Program Guidance Letters (PGL) The Law requires that AIP entitlement funds be apportioned by formula each year. The apportionment, depending on the type of airport, can be based upon all of the following except - Passenger enplanements - Aircraft operations - Fuel flowage - Amount of cargo - correct answer Fuel flowage The funds remaining after the entitlement apportionment are known as - Slush fund - Discretionary funds - Set-aside funds - Reliever funds - correct answer Discretionary funds (T/F) With the ADO being responsible for carrying out the grant process, it would be in the airport executive's best interest to have their local government lobby and influence the ADO federal employees. - correct answer False (T/F) PFC's have caused problems for bond rating companies because the legislation creating PFC's allowed the FAA to terminate PFC authorization under certain circumstances. - correct answer TrueWhich of the following is an advantage to issuing General Obligation Bonds for financing airport capital improvements? - Typically issued at a lower interest rate than other types of bonds - Secured by the revenue generated by the indebted facility - Payment is backed by the full faith and credit of the airport lessee - Can be issued for up to 40 years - correct answer Typically issued at a lower interest rate than other types of bonds The Air Traffic Control (ATC) system in our industry is seeing significant changes due to the use of - Localizer - VORs - GPS - Glideslope - correct answer GPS (T/F) Planning is a critical component in maintaining the airport as a valuable community asset. Airport planning is performed at the national, state, regional and local levels of government and industry. - correct answer True The federal plan for airports provides the federal government perspective on the role of each public-use airport in the national air transportation system. This plan is known as the - National Master Plan - National Plan of Integrated Airport System - Federal Airport Improvement Program - State Aviation System Plan - correct answer National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems Which of the following are the primary areas of an airport (check all that apply) - Roadside - Landside - Terminal - Airside - correct answer Landside, Terminal, Airside Grant Assurance #29 (Airport Layout Plan) requires that the Airport Sponsor keep the Airport Layout Plan updated at all times. The primary functions of the ALP include all the following except - Blueprint for airport development - Necessary for the airport to receive AIP funding - Public document that serves as a record of aeronautical requirements - Depicts aviation forecast demands - correct answer Depicts aviation forecast demands (T/F) A standard Airport Layout Plan is comprised of one or two sketches. - correct answer FalseThe ALP becomes a legal document after it is approved and signed by the - Transportation Security Administration - Airport Sponsor governing body - Federal Aviation Administration - State Department of Transportation - correct answer Federal Aviation Administration The FAA ADO office can make the following type of changes on the ALP if they are minor in scope. - Draft watermarked - Pen-and-Ink - Penciled in - Preliminary - correct answer Pen-and-Ink The FAA provides for which three levels of ALP approval (select all three) - Unqualified - Unconditional - Conditional - Mixed - correct answer Unconditional, Conditional, Mixed The FAA defines "near-term" as a project that is - Ripe for decision - Shovel-ready - Is designed with plans on the shelf - Ready within 1 year - correct answer Ripe for decision Airport sponsors keep pilots up-to-date on airport data and information using the following means (check all that apply) - 7460-1 - NPIAS - NOTAMs - Airport Facility Directory - correct answer NOTAMs, Airport Facility Directory The projects listed in the NPIAS fall into which three general categories of work. (Select all 3) - Physical Component - Purpose - Airspace - Type of work - correct answer Type of work, Physical Component, Purpose (T/F) The Airport Master Plan can set forth the direction of the airport for one to two decades. - correct answer True (T/F) An Airport Sponsor completed a Master Plan 6 years ago and has been following the program, including the capital improvement projects as outlined in the plan. A new opportunity emerged that is not in the Master Plan or on the approved ALP. TheSponsor should not be surprised when the project is not immediately eligible for AIP funding. - correct answer True The FAA _____________ the Forecast and Airport Layout Plan as part of the Airport Master Plan. - Produces - Approves - Drafts - Accepts - correct answer Approves When planning improvements to an airport, it is necessary to select one or more "Design Aircraft". Generally, the Design Aircraft is a composite aircraft representing a collection of aircraft classified by which three parameters? (Select all 3) - Airplane Design Group (ADG) - Taxiway Edge Safety Margin (TESM) - Taxiway Design Group (TDG) - Aircraft Approach Category (AAC) - correct answer Airplane Design Group (ADG), Taxiway Design Group (TDG), Aircraft Approach Category (AAC) Airports can be divided into 3 major areas. Which is not considered a major area? - Terminal - Landside - Airside - Movement Area - correct answer Movement Area (T/F) The Movement Area generally corresponds to those areas that are under the positive control of ATCT. - correct answer True All of the following are basic types of approaches except - Precision - Missed - Non-precision - Visual - correct answer Missed The Runway Design Code (RDC) denotes the design standard for which the runway is to be built. The RDC takes into account which three factors? (Select 3) - Approach category (speed) - Airplane design group (wingspan and tail height) - Whether or not the runway has an instrument approach - Number of anticipated operations (NOA) - correct answer Approach category (speed), Airplane design group (wingspan and tall height), Whether or not the runway has an instrument approach When calculating the dimensional standards appropriate for the Design Aircraft, the planners must determine the largest aircraft making substantial use of the airport.Substantial use means ________ or more annual itinerant operations or the largest scheduled commercial aircraft. - 50 per month - 500 per month - 500 per year - 1500 per year - correct answer 500 per year When 2 or more runways cross, they are classified as _______________________ runways. - Open V - Intersecting - Cross Winds - Dual Lanes - correct answer Intersecting Runway Safety Areas and Taxiway Safety Areas must be inspected by airport operations personnel daily for problems such as rutting, rough and/or uneven terrain and debris. All obstructions such as lights and signs within the safety areas must be - Less than 12" in height - Made of EMAs material - Cleaned daily - Mounted on frangible couplings - correct answer Mounted on frangible couplings (T/F) Heliports located at public use facilities are subject to the same FAA part 139 requirements as airports. Therefore, they cannot conduct commercial passenger operations at GA airports. - correct answer False (T/F) FAR Part 77 has been established for the safety and preservation of navigable airspace. However, this regulation does not give FAA the authority to prevent construction or alteration to a structure that might impede navigable airspace. - correct answer True The passenger terminal system is composed of which three elements (select all 3). - Flight interface - Concessionaire interface - Passengers processing - Access Interface - correct answer Flight Interface, Passenger Processing, Access interface The FAA ALP approval process requires an environmental determination. This decision could result in all of the following except - Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) - Environmental Order - Categorical Exclusion - Environmental Assessment (EA) - correct answer Environmental order The heaviest concentrations at certain times of the day are known as the- Peak day demand - Peak volume - Design volume - Peak hour demand - correct answer Peak hour demand Select the three categories of passengers - Non-revenue passengers - Leisure travelers - Business travelers - International travelers - correct answer Leisure travelers, Business travelers, International travelers Airports can be classified by the dominant type of passenger traffic. Origination / Destination (O&D) airports can best be described as having - An average of 30-60 minutes of aircraft ground servicing time - A low requirement for departure lounge space, curb frontage, ticketing, security, and baggage handling facilities - 70-90% of passengers beginning or ending their travel at the airport and requiring maximum handling services for checking and claiming baggage - A high percentage of originating passengers combined with a low percentage of originating flights - correct answer 70-90% of passengers beginning or ending their travel at the airport and requiring maximum handling services for checking and claiming baggage Non-point (NPS) pollution is commonly associated with runoff from - Aircraft de-icing operations - ARFF used in aircraft rescue and firefighting - Agriculture - Airport vehicle maintenance - correct answer Agriculture Short-term parking at commercial service airports is typically classified as - 1 hour or less and accounts for 30% of traffic - 30 minutes or less and accounts for 75% of traffic - Three hours or less and may account for 80% of traffic - 20 minutes or less and accounts for 80% of traffic - correct answer Three hours or less and may account for 80% of traffic All of the following are types of ticket and baggage check-in facilities except - Pre-check - Pass-through - Linear - Island - correct answer Pre-check The primary disadvantage of a pier layout is - Reduced vehicle curb space - Minimal use of airside space to construct gates- Decentralized passenger processing - Longer walking distances for passengers - correct answer Longer walking distances for passengers The best way to characterize wayfinding signage in an airport environment is - It's a self-guided journey - It's reliant on airport employee participation - A non-critical component in the passenger experience - The hunger games - correct answer It's a self-guided journey The consequences of failing to comply with environmental law on an airport can range from delayed construction to - Criminal charges - Grant assurance violations - Loss of part 139 certification - Reduced AIP participation - correct answer Criminal charges The FAA has determined that some projects, by their very nature will not, or very unlikely to have an environmental impact. These projects are considered ____________________________as it relates to the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). - Categorically excluded - unable to meet environmental law obligations - To be approved without further documentation - Immaterial to the project as a whole - correct answer Categorically excluded Should a sponsor no longer need a parcel of land located within the federally obligated portions of the airport and on the Exhibit A property map, the sponsor will be required to obtain - An FAA release - A Categorical exclusion - A VALE credit - An approval for non-aeronautical use - correct answer An FAA release (T/F) Airport owners and operators can be forced to assume liability for cleanup of contamination on the property returned to them through a tenant bankruptcy. - correct answer True The FIS system employed at most international airports which provides separate immigration and customs checkpoints is the - Red-green - Custom Accelerated Passenger Inspection Services (CAPIS) - One-stop - Federal Inspection Services - correct answer Custom Accelerated Passenger Inspection Services (CAPIS)The government has established airways that are divided into which two types? (Above and Below 18,000') - Restricted - Victor Airways - Jet Routes - Unrestricted - correct answer Victor Airways, Jet Routes "Close calls" between aircraft flying on instrument flight plans and aircraft flying using VFRs led to the creation of - Alert Areas - Transition areas - Approach Controllers - Airspace Categories - correct answer Transition Areas (T/F) In all instances, "controlled" airspace means that the aircraft is controlled by ATC. - correct answer False Which type of airspace is the larger area of navigable airspace that covers the nation and exists between the terminal airspace areas? - En-route Airspace - NAS - Class E - Jet Route - correct answer En-route Airspace Which airspace is associated with "fast-moving" air traffic? - Class A - Vector Airspace - Class B - En-route Airspace - correct answer Class A (T/F) There are certain instances when a pilot can depart from an airport and fly their entire route without ever talking to anyone on the radio, a controller or radio operator. - correct answer True Air traffic control towers may have multiple controller positions. Select all the possible positions. - Ground Controller - Ramp Controller - Tower (or Local) - CTAF Controller - correct answer Ground Controller, Ramp Controller, Tower (or Local) Which leg of the Airport rectangular traffic pattern is horizontally perpendicular to the extended centerline of the takeoff runway and is entered by making a 90 degree turn from the upwind leg? - Base Leg- Upwind Leg - Crosswind Leg - Departure Leg - correct answer Crosswind Leg In the Contract Tower Program, the FAA contracts with the _______________________________ to provide ATC services at certain VFR airports. - National Air Traffic Controller's Association - Private Sector - United States Contract Tower Association - Public Sector - correct answer Private Sector The term _________________ is used to describe the discrete code an assigned aircraft transmits on the transponder. - Squawk - Vector - Transpond - Mode S - correct answer Squawk Radar usage is enhanced by a _____________________, which is a beacon device installed on an aircraft and used to transmit data on the aircraft's position and altitude. - VOR - Transponder - Non-directional Beacon - Localizer - correct answer Transponder Which airport navagational aid is used primarily for instrument approaches, local navigation and are not greatly impacted by atmospheric interference or variations in terrain. - VOR - GPS - Glideslope - Localizer - correct answer VOR The major shift with NextGen includes a migration from radar to - Satellite-based Tracking - ADSB Separation - Radio Tracking - Beacon Tracking - correct answer Satellite-based Tracking When analyzing airfield capacity, an airport manager should be familiar with both terms commonly used when defining capacity. - Practical - Differential - Throughput - Peak-hour - correct answer Practical, Throughput__________________________is designed to match the arrival of an aircraft to the ability of the airport to handle the volume. - Spacing - Sequencing - Metering - Slotting - correct answer Metering After the FAA approves the sponsor's Airport Certification Manual (ACM), it becomes - Guidance - Operation's manual - Maintenance planner - Regulation - correct answer Regulation If an airfield discrepancy is identified, which of the following must occur? - Airport operations must conduct a special inspection - Discrepancy resolves before any aircraft operations occur. - Noncompliance reported to the FAA ADO office - Discrepancy reported to FAA Part 139 inspector - correct answer Discrepancy resolved before any aircraft operations occur. Aircraft accidents investigate by the NTSB generally show that the accident occurred because of a... - Chain of events - Pavement issue - FAR Part 139 violation - Single preventable event - correct answer Chain of events The Implementation of a _______________________ program aids in the management of safety risk through a systematic process of procedures, practices and polices. - ACN/PCN - Safety Management Program - NPRM - Airport Certification - correct answer Safety Management Program A class IV airport under the classification for airport certification is defined as - Scheduled operations of small air carrier and unscheduled operations of large air carrier - Small air carrier aircraft only - Serving unschedule large air carrier aircraft - All types of scheduled operations - correct answer Serving unscheduled large air carrier aircraft Airports that are operated by the military and allow commercial air carrier operations in addition to military operations are considered - Exceptions to Part 139 - Shared-use- Military base - Joint-use - correct answer Shared-use For exemptions to ARFF requirements under FAR Part 139, the airport must enplane - Less than 2,500 annual enplanements - Less than 10,000 annual enplanements - 4% of total US annual enplanements - 1/4% of total US annual enplanements - correct answer 1/4% of total annual enplanements During an airport emergency, an airport sponsor may be in a situation whereby they break a Part 139 regulation. This is referred to as a - Discrepancy - Exemption - Violation - Deviation - correct answer Deviation (T/F) Inspections for FAR 139 purposes can be assigned to individual air carriers or tenants of the sponsor. - correct answer True A successful self-inspection program should include all of the following components (Select all that apply) - Periodic condition inspections - Regularly scheduled inspections - NOTAM inspections - Special inspections - Continuous Surveillance inspections - correct answer Periodic condition inspections, Regularly scheduled inspections, Special inspections, Continuous surveillance inspections At federally obligated airports, the FAA invests significant dollars in the pavement on airports. The key to the pavement longevity is - Regular inspections - Preventative maintenance - regular slurry coats - erosion control - correct answer Preventative maintenance The FAA's Advisory Circular on guidelines and procedures for maintenance of airport pavements establishes which index for qualifying airfield pavements? - ARC - PCN - ACN - PCI - correct answer PCI Pavement deterioration generally has which two causes? (Select both) - Environmental- Non-Structural - Chemical - Structural - correct answer Environmental, Structural Runway lighting systems should be uniform throughout the US. Runway edge lights are - Blue - Amber - Green - White - correct answer White At times, the threshold of a runway may need to be changed for construction, obstacle clearance, or noise abatement. This is referred to as a - Displaced threshold - Runway end marking - Displaced aiming point - Demarkation bar - correct answer Displaced threshold Title 14 CFR Part 139 requires airports to develop and maintain three basic safety programs. (Select all three). - Airport Emergency Plan - Personal Protective Equipment Plan - Snow and Ice Control Plan - Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - correct answer Airport Emergency Plan, Snow and Ice Equipment Plan, Wildlife Hazard Management Plan Airport operators are required to quickly remove snow, ice, and slush as necessary to maintain runways and taxiways in a ________________________________ condition - Less than 1/4" precipitation - No worse than frozen - No worse than wet - Completely dry - correct answer No worse than wet Snow and ice can be removed in one of two ways... - Mechanically or chemically - Naturally or chemically - Mechanically or naturally - Solar deicer or machanically - correct answer Mechanically or chemically Airports complying with part 139 are required to have emergency response equipment and personnel as necessary to accommodate - The airport's design critical aircraft - The largest air carrier aircraft with more than 1 daily departure - The longest air carrier aircraft - The longest air carrier aircraft with an average of five or more daily departures - correct answer The longest air carrier aircraft with an average of five or more daily departuresAn airport's Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting capability is referred to as an - Index - Class - Code - Alert level - correct answer Index There are 4 categories of runway incursions. Category A is considered a serious incident as a result of - Ample time to avoid collision - A near collision - Incorrect presence of vehicle in the movement area - A critical evasive response - correct answer A near collision (T/F) All Part 139 airports must conduct a Wildlife Hazard Assessment (WHA) - correct answer True Wildlife control is based on which two approaches - Monitoring and harassment - Harassment and lethal force - Habitat modification and active control - Lethal and non-lethal force - correct answer Habitat modification and active control The effectiveness of an airport emergency plan is highly dependent on three critical elements. (Select all 3) - Protective Actions - Control - Command - Communication - correct answer Control, Command, Communication Exceptional events that require actions and/or capabilities beyond those considered unusual by an airport operator are referred to as - Irregular operations - Discrepancies - Deviations - Diversions - correct answer Irregular operations A key role of terminal operations is to keep passengers moving safely and efficiently towards their destination. However, airports should also strive to make sure their passengers have a pleasant experience at the airport. Research shows that happy customers - Spend more money at the airport, thus increasing nonaeronautical revenue - Improve the airline's bottom line by enrolling in frequent flier programs - Are compliant and can increase the overall flow of passengers - Influence friends and family to utilize the airport - correct answer Spend more money at the airport, thus increasing non-aeronautical revenueAs airport executives consider the customer experience, they must take into account which two primary types of customers? - Domestic and Foreign - External and Internal - Airline and Concessionaire - Airline and Rental Car - correct answer External and Internal The FAA now classifies drones weighing ______ lbs or less and used by a hobbyist as "model aircraft". - 55 - 500 - 75 - 100 - correct answer 55 (T/F) The terms Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) have the same meaning when referring to vehicles that are remotely piloted. - correct answer False Title 14 FAR Part 107 Operation and Certification of Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems outlines the requirements for small unmanned aircraft in the NAS. Part 107 will allow operations of small drones without a COA provided the operator has a - UAS License - Remote Pilot Airmen Certificate - ATP - Private pilot's license - correct answer Remote Pilot Airmen Certificate To operate a large UAV in civil airspace a Certificate of Authorization (COA) is required by the FAA. In most circumstances, the COA will require the following three people (select all three). - Air Traffic Controller - Pilot-in-Command - Visual Observer - Ground Control Operator - correct answer Pilot-in-Command, Visual Observer, Ground Control Operator All commercial service airports in the US must designate a/an ________________________________________under Title 49 CFR Part 1542. This individual is the primary contact for the federal government for security issues at the airport. - Federal Security Director - Trusted Agent - Airport Security Coordinator - Transportation Security Officer - correct answer Airport Security CoordinatorThe _________________________________ is to airport security as the Airport Certification Manual is to airfield operations. - Playbook - Airport Emergency Plan - Airport Security Plan - Security Threat Assessment - correct answer Airport Security Plan The only area of airport security that is not normally under the direct purview of the ASC is the ___________________________________. - Criminal history record check - Security screening process - Airport policy - Security threat assessment - correct answer Security screening process Most of the theft at US airports occur in - Concession areas - Baggage claim - Restrooms - Gate/holding areas - correct answer Restrooms For any security related incident at the airport, the FBI is the designated lead agency. However, it take some time before personnel and resources can be deployed to the airport. Therefore, the __________________________ are usually the agency incharge unless the Airport's Security Program states otherwise. - TSA - Airline security - Highway Patrol - Airport Police - correct answer Airport Police The Customs and Border Protection (CBP) provides protection to the US Ports of Entry and focuses on - Goods coming into the country - individuals coming into the country - Citizen status - Immigration - correct answer Goods coming into the country Sadly, human trafficking in on the rise in the US and many victims flow through our country's airports. There are many signs of trafficking that airport personnel must be of aware of. Select all below that might indicate an individual is being trafficked through an airport. - Dressed inappropriate for the weather or route of travel - Communication that appears scripted - Unable to provide details of their travel - Dressed nicely - correct answer Dressed inappropriate for the weather or route or travel, Communication that appears scripted, Unable to provide details of their travel(T/F) All general aviation airports are required to have a TSA approved security program. - correct answer False The TSA has established airport categories for security purposes ranging from Category X through Category IV. The security programs for Category IV commercial service airports are considered - Contingency - Supporting and Partial - Complete - Classified - correct answer Supporting and Partial The__________________________ was the legislative act that set up the Airport Improvement Program and allowed for the funding of friction measuring equipment, various safety-related equipment, automated weather observing systems, airport planning, and noise studies. - Airport and Airways Development Act of 1970 - Airline Reorganization Act of 1978 - Airport and Airways Improvement Act of 1982 - Aviation Noise and Capacity Enhancement Act of 1990 - correct answer Airport and Airways Development Act of 1970 ___________________ provided the basis for noise abatement planning at airports. - AICUZ - The Airport Safety and Noise Abatement Act (ASNA) of 1979 - FAR Part 161 - Airport Noise Control and Land Use Compatibility Program - FAR Part 150 - correct answer The Airport Safety and Noise Abatement Act (ASNA) of 1979 Under Part 150, residential land uses are considered to be compatible with noise levels less than ___________________. - 65 db DNL - 65 CNEL - 65 SENL - 65 dBA - correct answer 65 db DNL Opinions differ regarding the best method for analyzing and quantifying the effects of noise on a community__________________________. - Because of the general sensitivity to noise - Because of the perceived economic importance of the noise source - Because of the subjective nature of how noise is perceived by listeners - Because of the belief that aircraft noise is preventable - correct answer Because of the subjective nature of how noise is perceived by listenersIf a person adjusts a stereo to 70 decibels as a comfortable and normal sound, a listener raising it to 80 decibels would perceive the sound as being - Twice as loud - Four times as loud - Ten times as loud - One hundred times as loud - correct answer Twice as loud ___________________is the national standard used by airports in the preparation of Part 150 studies. - Daily DNL - Yearly DNL - Hourly DNL - Hourly SEL - correct answer Yearly DNL ____________________________is most appropriate if there are significant amounts of noise-affected incompatible land use, receipt of serious noise complaints, property acquisition for buffer zones, or introduction of major changes in airport facilities or operations that are likely to shift or increase noise patterns. - A Part 150 study - Community sponsored hearings - Publication in local newspapers of proposed changes in flight paths - A class action lawsuit - correct answer A Part 150 study What is the most effective control measure for reducing noise impact? - Exercising imminent domain - Soundproofing residences within the 65 DNL contour - Acquisition of noise easements for noise sensitive property - Land acquisition - correct answer Land acquisition Who is responsible for carrying out the strategic policy of an airport? - Airport Board of Directors - Elected Officials - Airport Executive - Governing Body - correct answer Airport Executive A ______________________is a written motion adopted by a vote of the governing body of an airport. - LOA - MOU - Resolution - Meeting Minutes - correct answer Resolution (T/F) Governing bodies and airport managers must strive to find a balanced approach to public participation in policy making. Some municipalities are so open they can create an environment whereby progress is stymied to the point of stagnation. - correct answer TrueCandidates in the AAE program can achieve the designation by completing which 3 processes? (Select all 3). - Oral interview - Management paper or proof of advance degree - 180 multiple choice exam - ACE examination - correct answer Oral interview, Management paper or proof of advance degree, 180 multiple choice exam Most airport directors/managers are ______________________________, - Independent contractors - Elected - Appointed - Both a manager and part of the board - correct answer Appointed An example of an item for consideration under the "Consent Agenda" might include - 10-year hangar lease - Grant agreement acceptance - Land acquisition - Meeting minutes - correct answer Meeting minutes _________________________________is the nation's largest civilian clearinghouse for security threat assessments and criminal history records checks. - Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) - Transportation Security Clearinghouse (TSC) - Airport Security Alliance (ASA) - Airport Security Clearinghouse (ASC) - correct answer Transportation Security Clearinghouse Use of airport revenues are governed by Grant Assurance 25. An example of a nonpermitted use of airport revenues would be - Promoting the airport's proximity to destination resorts - Promoting the airport as being a location that is close to or has good access to a new entertainment venue - Promoting a new airline operating at the airport - Promoting a new entertainment venue located in the same city as the airport - correct answer Promoting a new entertainment venue located in the same city as the airport A new trend to the airport marketing audience is for the sponsors to market their airports to members of - Economic development partners - The general public that are not traveling - The business community - Other airline frequent flyer programs - correct answer The general public that are not travelingAirport marketing programs should not forget to include an active online presence when developing their marketing programs. At a minimum, all airports should have a - Airport blog - Facebook account - Twitter account - Website - correct answer Website ________________________is considered a process that involves creating or connecting a name and image for a product in the consumers' mind. - Strategy - ASD - Branding - Differentiation - correct answer Branding _________________________is a measure of passengers gained at an airport that could have selected another airport. - Reverse Catchment - Reverse Leakage - Leakage - Catchment - correct answer Reverse Leakage If a community is seeking to attract air service, it can influence air carriers by providing accurate information on the local market and - Sharing the risk of starting new service - Open-ended incentives - Increasing the catchment area - ASD goal-setting - correct answer Sharing the risk of starting new service (T/F) The FAA strictly prohibits airports from providing subsidies for air service. - correct answer True There are several recommended Covenants and Deed Restrictions for airport industrial parks. Select all that were discussed in the reading - Plan and specification review - Building setbacks - Load restrictions on streets - Detention ponds - correct answer Plan and specification review, Building setbacks, Load restrictions on streets ______________________is a concept growing in popularity at large airports and is essentially a master-planned community centered around an airport. - Foreign Trade Zone - Metropolis - Urban airport - Aerotropolis - correct answer Aerotropolis(T/F) It can be expected that airport regulations currently in existence will be amplified and increased for space operations. - correct answer True (T/F) Airport concession operations are permitted before and after the security checkpoint. - correct answer True Under which legislative act was the Air Safety Board, Office of the Administrator, and the CAA created? - Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938 - Reorganization Act of 1940 - Federal Airports Act of 1946 - Air Commerce Act of 1926 - correct answer Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938 The legislative act that increased the cap on the passenger facility charge (PFC) from $3.00 to $4.50 was the - Aviation Noise and Capacity Act of 1990 - Aviation Investment and Reform Act of the 21st Century or AIR-21 - Re-authorization Act of 1996 - Vision 100 Re-authorization Act - correct answer Aviation Investment and Reform ACT of the 21st Century or AIR-21 The economic activity associated with the dollars spent at the airport and in the community by airport patrons who use the airport, and activity generated from businesses that have chosen to locate in a community because the airport is integral to their operation is referred to as... - Direct Impact - Indirect Impact - Induced Impact - Implied Impact - correct answer Indirect Impact The airspace around medium size airports that extends from the surface to 4,000 feet AGL is called... - Class B Airspace - Class C Airspace - Airport Traffic Area - Terminal Control Area (TCA) - correct answer Class C Airspace Airport traffic patterns are established to maintain visual separation and provide orderliness for aircraft using an airport. Which one of the following most accurately describes the normal traffic pattern? - Right-hand turns, upwind leg, crosswind leg, parallel leg, base leg, and approach leg - Left-hand turns, upwind leg, crosswind leg, downwind leg, base leg, and final leg - Right-hand turns, upwind leg, crosswind leg, downwind leg, base leg, and final leg - Left-hand turns, windward leg, crosswind leg, downwind leg, base leg, and final leg - correct answer Left-hand turns, upwind leg, crosswind leg, downwind leg, base leg, and final legThe options available to airport managers to address the results of an FAR Part 77 study include all of the following except... - Raise the approach minimum decent altitude (MDA) - Relocate the runway threshold - Lower the approach minimums and visibility requirements - Remove the encroaching object - correct answer Lower the approach minimums and visibility requirements The imaginary surface located 150' above runway elevation that accommodates circle to land and missed approach procedures is the_______________________________. - Conical Surface - Horizontal Surface - Primary Surface - Transitional Surface - correct answer Horizontal Surface The area under the innermost portion of the approach surface is the_______________. - Runway Protection Zone (RPZ) - Protected Approach Area (PAA) - Runway Safety Area (RSA) - Runway Safety Zone (RSZ) - correct answer Runway Protection Zone (RPZ) The ______________ is the primary agency responsible for the nationwide enforcement of environmental regulations, including enforcement of these regulations at airports. - Federal Office of Environmental Compliance - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - State Department of Environmental Protection - correct answer U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Preparation of an Environmental Impact Statement for AIP projects undertaken at airports in accordance with the NEPA is the responsibility of ____________________. - The Federal Aviation Administration - An environmental engineering firm selected by the airport sponsor and approved by the FAA - The Environmental Protection Agency - The airport sponsor - correct answer The Federal Aviation Administration ___________________ provided the basis for noise abatement planning at airports. - FAR Part 150 - Airport Noise Control and Land Use Compatibility Program - FAR Part 161 - The Airport Safety and Noise Abatement Act (ASNA) of 1979 - correct answer The Airport Safety and Noise Abatement Act (ASNA) of 1979Airports are unique in that they are considered to be_________________ in nature at the same time. - Enterprise, proprietary, public - Proprietary, governmental, non-profit - Governmental, enterprise, and proprietary - Enterprise, non-profit, governmental - correct answer Governmental, enterprise, and proprietary A database of Information on the future capital needs of certain airports can be found under the _____________________, which is maintained by the FAA. - Airport Capital Improvement Program Inventory - National Priority System - Airport Improvement Act Amendment (1992) - NPIAS - correct answer NPIAS A common set of standards and procedures established by the accounting profession which apply to both private and governmental operations is called ________________. - Generally Allowable Accounting Practices (GAAP) - Government Approved Appropriation Procedures (GAAP) - Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) - Government Accounting Standardization Board (GASB) - correct answer Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) The term that means the same amount of depreciation is taken each year throughout the useful life of a capital asset is ___________________. - Average Annual Depreciation - Accelerated Depreciation - Straight-line Depreciation - Capital Depreciation - correct answer Straight-line Depreciation In the ___________________ method of determining rates and charges, the financial risk is transferred to the airlines in return for a negotiated limit on an airport's profits, and the airlines guarantee an airport's solvency by agreeing to pay all remaining costs. - Hybrid - Residual - Majority in interest - Compensatory - correct answer Residual Incentives and financial reward for good management, permits discretionary use of surplus monies within limits; and provides a greater degree of management flexibility are advantages of the _________________ methodology. - Compensatory - Residual - Cash-drawer - Majority in interest - correct answer CompensatoryAirport lease agreements normally contain a _______________to protect an airport against potential claims or losses because of the way the tenant conducts his or her operation. - Limited Liability Clause - Hangar Keepers Clause - Hull Liability Clause - General Indemnity Clause - correct answer General Indemnity Clause Under the FAA's policy on rates and charges, if revenue is lost because airports charge non-airport related entities less than full market value for leased space or property, the airports have engaged in... - Unfair treatment of airlines - Covert financial operations - Discrimination against airport-related entities - Revenue diversion - correct answer Revenue diversion Which of the following acts requires employers on federal construction projects to pay wages that are at, or above, the level determined by the Department of Labor to be prevalent in the geographic area? - The Copeland Anti-Kickback Act - The Davis-Bacon Act - The Contract Work Hours and Safety Standard Act - The Fair Labor Standards Act - correct answer The Davis-Bacon Act A key advantage of a ___________________is that it can typically be issued at a lower interest rate than can other types of bonds, because of the community's guarantee. - Exempt facility bond - Airport revenue bond - General obligation bond - Industrial development bond - correct answer General obligation bond A/An _________________ can be issued by a municipality or other governmental unit to finance facilities that are then leased to the private entity user at a rental equal to the debt service and for a term equal to the maturity of the securities. - Industrial development bond - Exempt facility bond - Airport revenue bond - General obligation bond - correct answer Industrial development bond The technical expertise required to produce an Airport Master Plan is usually provided by - The FAA - The state transportation department - A consulting firm - The regional transportation authority - correct answer A consulting firmOn the Airport Layout Plan airport management is required to keep up-to-date the property lines; the location and nature of all existing and proposed facilities and structures and the location of all existing and proposed non-aviation areas and improvements in accordance with ____________________________. - The airport master plan - The ALP Grant Assurance 29 - FAR Part 77 - Form 7460-1 - correct answer The ALP Grant Assurance 29 A _______________________ is a rectangular area off the departure end of a runway that is cleared or suitable for use in lieu of a runway to satisfy a pilot's requirement for having a specified takeoff distance for his or her aircraft. - Declared distance - Stopway - Clearway - Displaced threshold - correct answer Clearway In the master planning process, the ALP becomes a legal document because_________________. - The ALP is approved and signed by the FAA - The FAA approves the master plan which contains the ALP - The airport's attorney has signed it - Non of these because the FAA does NOT approve ALP's - correct answer The ALP is approved and signed by the FAA The __________________ type airport is characterized by a relatively high percentage of originating passengers combined with a low percentage of originating flights, short ground times, and the flights are justified by the addition of enplanements feeding from an originating point. - Through - Hub - Transfer - O&D - correct answer Through The ________________ terminal design is characterized by a single level structure where access to aircraft is afforded by a walk across the aircraft parking apron - Simple terminal - Transporter terminal - Central terminal - Satellite terminal - correct answer Simple terminal Since 1995, federal law has required airport management seeking funding for pavement rehabilitation or reconstruction to have a ____________________ in place as a grant assurance - Pavement Overlay System - Pavement Management System- Pavement Maintenance Program - Pavement Inspection Program - correct answer Pavement Maintenance Program Identify the type of rigid pavement joint. - Contraction Joint - Spacer Joint - Isolation Joint - Construction Joint - correct answer Isolation Joint Which legislative act was passed to promote the development and stability of commercial aviation, and provide the industry with the assistance and legal basis necessary for its growth? - correct answer Air Commerce Act of 1926 Under which legislative act was the Air Safety Board, Office of the Administrator, and C.A.A. (Civil Aviation Authority) created? - correct answer Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938 The legislative act that transferred the safety functions of the Civil Aeronautics Authority to the Federal Aviation Agency, entrusted safety rule-making to the FAA, and charged the FAA with the responsibility for developing and maintaining a common civil-military system of air navigation and air traffic control was the __________________. - correct answer Federal Aviation Act of 1958 Which legislative act caused the eventual phasing out the Civil Aeronautics Board's economic regulation of the airlines by 1984? - correct answer Airline Deregulation of 1978 The __________________ was the legislative act that set up the Airport Improvement Program and allowed for the funding of friction measuring equipment, various safetyrelated equipment, automated weather observing systems, airport planning, and noise studies. - correct answer Airport and Airways Improvement Act of 1982 The legislative act that increased the cap on the passenger facility charge (PFC) from $3.00 to $4.50 was the __________________. - correct answer Aviation Investment and Reform Act for the 21st Century (AIR-21) Which federal regulation (FAR) addresses the investigative and enforcement procedures for the FAA? - correct answer C.F.R. 14 Part 13 The Federal Airport Act of 1946 transferred ownership of airfields to a state or other governmental entity under the terms of what type of agreement? - correct answer AP-4 The economic activity associated with the dollars spent at the airport and in the community by airport patrons who use the airport, and activity generated from businesses that have chosen to locate in a community because the airport is integral to their operation is referred to as __________________ - correct answer Indirect impactWhich of the following is NOT true regarding Disadvantaged Business Enterprises? - correct answer An Airport sponsor cannot enter into an exclusive agreement longer than ten years with non-minorities without FAA approval. Which of the following is NOT one of the four eligibility criteria for a community to receive enhanced Essential Air Service? - correct answer State or local government is willing to contribute 10% of the cost of providing the air service. Which act requires employees on federal construction projects to pay wages that are at, or above, the level determined by the Department of Labor to be prevalent in the geographic area? - correct answer The Davis-Bacon Act A key advantage of a __________ is that it can typically be issued at a lower interest rate than can other types of bonds, because of the community's guarantee. - correct answer General obligation bond A/An __________ can be issued by a municipality or other governmental unit to finance facilities that are then leased to the private entity user at a rental equal to the debt service and for a term equal to the maturity of the securities. - correct answer Industrial development bond A General revenue airport bond can be combined with passenger facility charges (PFCs) or general obligation bonds to fund a project. This type of debt instrument called a __________, carries pledges from two separate and distinct revenue streams, either of which could receive a credit rating by itself. - correct answer Double-barreled bond The economic base of a community is generally a more significant credit consideration for airports with high __________ than it is for airports with hubbing traffic. - correct answer Origin-destination traffic A pledge by the airport operator to impose fees and charges sufficient to pay all costs of operation, maintenance, and debt service and to maintain all reserve funds at their required level is known as a __