CSO EXAM 2024-2025 WITH VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND 100% LATEST
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
Alkylating agents - ANS-synthetic chemicals containing alkyl groups that attack DNA, causing strand
breaks thus preventing replication and transcription of RNA
Examples: Bendamustine (Treanda), Busulfan (Myleran PO/Busulflex IV, Carboplatin (paraplatin),
Carmustine (BCNU), Chlorambucil (Leukeran), Ciosplatin (Platinol, CDDP), Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan,
CTX), Dacarbazine (DTIC), Ifosfamide (Ifex), Mechlorethamine (nitrogen mustard), Melphalan (Alkeran),
OXaliplatin (Eloxatin), Temozolomide (temodar), Thiotepa (Thioplex)
Bendamustine (treanda) - ANS-Treanda (alkylating agent)
- IV only
-B cell, NHL, CLL
SE: myelosuppression, mild N/V, fatigue, fever, Hypersensitivity infusion reactions, tumor lysis syndrome
Busulfan (Myleran) - ANS-Myleran (alkylating agent)
-CML, stem cell transplant preparation, polycythemia vera
Side effects:
,-Myelosuppresion
-NVD, Mucositis
-Hepatic toxicity
- Adrenal insufficiency
-other: pulm symptoms, insomnia, dizziness, anxiety, alopecia
Additional SE:
- increases uric acid! (use allopurinol, and watch for DDIs w/ thiazides, loops, niacin, low dose ASA)
- Pulmonary fibrosis!! (SOB -> CXR -> d/c Myleran)
- Seizures! (pre-medicate with anticonvulsant 12hr before and 24hr after
- Hyperpigmentation of skin
Carboplatin (Paraplatin) - ANS-Paraplatin
Platinum complex alkylating agent
-breast, bladder, cervix, endometrial, esophagus, germ cell, H/N, lung, ovarian
SE:
-myelosuppresion
-low Mg
-N/V
-renal toxicity
-Other: hypersensitivity reaction, mild alopecia, peripheral neuropathy, taste change
Carmustine (BCNU) - ANS-BiCNU (alkylating agent)
-brain, NHL, T-cell lymphoma
SE:
-myelosuppression
-N/V
-liver, renal, lung toxicity
,Chlorambucil (Leukeran) - ANS-Leukeran (alkylating agent)
-oral
-CLL, HD, NHL, breast, ovary, testies
SE:
-N/V
-high uric acid (low purine diet)
--> high purine foods: organ meat, meat, anchovies, sardines, beer
-seizure risk in children
-lung toxicity
Cisplatin (Platinol) - ANS-Platinol (alkylating agent)
-bladder, cervix, esophagus, H/N, lung, prostate, stomach
SE:
- Nephrotoxic!! Treat with hydration to maintain renal blood flow, mannitol to promote excretion, and
amiphostine (Ethyol) to prevent nephrotoxicity
- Ototoxic
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Electrolyte abnormalities (decreases PO4, K, Ca, Mg)
- GI upset
- causes the most N/V!
-SIADH
-metallic taste
Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) - ANS--Alkylating agent (cytotoxic antineoplastic)
-can be used intrapleural
-breast, lung, ovary, CLL, NHL
SE:
-myelosuppresion
-N/V
, -flu like
-CNS toxicity
-photosensitivity
Ifosfamide (Ifex) - ANS-Alkylating Agent
SFX: n/v, anorexia, SIADH
Methotrexate (nitrogen mustard) - ANS-alkylating agent
-CLL, CML, HD, NHL, breat, lung
Toxic to just about every organ except to heart, toxicity made worse with aspirin
SE:
-N/V
-hyperuricemia
Melphalan (Alkeran) - ANS-alkylating agent
-breast, ovarian, neuroblastoma
SE: N/V
Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin) - ANS-alkylating agent
-colorectal, pancreatic
SE:
-N/V/D
- sensitivity to cold
-hepatic and neurotoxic
-allergic reaction
-laryngopharyngeal dysesthesia (A disorder characterized by an uncomfortable persistent sensation in
the area of the laryngopharynx)
Temozolomide (Temodar) - ANS-alkylating agent
QUESTIONS AND 100% LATEST
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
Alkylating agents - ANS-synthetic chemicals containing alkyl groups that attack DNA, causing strand
breaks thus preventing replication and transcription of RNA
Examples: Bendamustine (Treanda), Busulfan (Myleran PO/Busulflex IV, Carboplatin (paraplatin),
Carmustine (BCNU), Chlorambucil (Leukeran), Ciosplatin (Platinol, CDDP), Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan,
CTX), Dacarbazine (DTIC), Ifosfamide (Ifex), Mechlorethamine (nitrogen mustard), Melphalan (Alkeran),
OXaliplatin (Eloxatin), Temozolomide (temodar), Thiotepa (Thioplex)
Bendamustine (treanda) - ANS-Treanda (alkylating agent)
- IV only
-B cell, NHL, CLL
SE: myelosuppression, mild N/V, fatigue, fever, Hypersensitivity infusion reactions, tumor lysis syndrome
Busulfan (Myleran) - ANS-Myleran (alkylating agent)
-CML, stem cell transplant preparation, polycythemia vera
Side effects:
,-Myelosuppresion
-NVD, Mucositis
-Hepatic toxicity
- Adrenal insufficiency
-other: pulm symptoms, insomnia, dizziness, anxiety, alopecia
Additional SE:
- increases uric acid! (use allopurinol, and watch for DDIs w/ thiazides, loops, niacin, low dose ASA)
- Pulmonary fibrosis!! (SOB -> CXR -> d/c Myleran)
- Seizures! (pre-medicate with anticonvulsant 12hr before and 24hr after
- Hyperpigmentation of skin
Carboplatin (Paraplatin) - ANS-Paraplatin
Platinum complex alkylating agent
-breast, bladder, cervix, endometrial, esophagus, germ cell, H/N, lung, ovarian
SE:
-myelosuppresion
-low Mg
-N/V
-renal toxicity
-Other: hypersensitivity reaction, mild alopecia, peripheral neuropathy, taste change
Carmustine (BCNU) - ANS-BiCNU (alkylating agent)
-brain, NHL, T-cell lymphoma
SE:
-myelosuppression
-N/V
-liver, renal, lung toxicity
,Chlorambucil (Leukeran) - ANS-Leukeran (alkylating agent)
-oral
-CLL, HD, NHL, breast, ovary, testies
SE:
-N/V
-high uric acid (low purine diet)
--> high purine foods: organ meat, meat, anchovies, sardines, beer
-seizure risk in children
-lung toxicity
Cisplatin (Platinol) - ANS-Platinol (alkylating agent)
-bladder, cervix, esophagus, H/N, lung, prostate, stomach
SE:
- Nephrotoxic!! Treat with hydration to maintain renal blood flow, mannitol to promote excretion, and
amiphostine (Ethyol) to prevent nephrotoxicity
- Ototoxic
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Electrolyte abnormalities (decreases PO4, K, Ca, Mg)
- GI upset
- causes the most N/V!
-SIADH
-metallic taste
Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) - ANS--Alkylating agent (cytotoxic antineoplastic)
-can be used intrapleural
-breast, lung, ovary, CLL, NHL
SE:
-myelosuppresion
-N/V
, -flu like
-CNS toxicity
-photosensitivity
Ifosfamide (Ifex) - ANS-Alkylating Agent
SFX: n/v, anorexia, SIADH
Methotrexate (nitrogen mustard) - ANS-alkylating agent
-CLL, CML, HD, NHL, breat, lung
Toxic to just about every organ except to heart, toxicity made worse with aspirin
SE:
-N/V
-hyperuricemia
Melphalan (Alkeran) - ANS-alkylating agent
-breast, ovarian, neuroblastoma
SE: N/V
Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin) - ANS-alkylating agent
-colorectal, pancreatic
SE:
-N/V/D
- sensitivity to cold
-hepatic and neurotoxic
-allergic reaction
-laryngopharyngeal dysesthesia (A disorder characterized by an uncomfortable persistent sensation in
the area of the laryngopharynx)
Temozolomide (Temodar) - ANS-alkylating agent
