Updated Value Addition Material 2020
INTERNAL SECURITY
VARIOUS SECURITY
FORCES AND AGENCIES
AND THEIR MANDATE
,1. National Security Architecture of India..................................................................2
1.1 Issues in the structure..........................................................................................................3
1.2 Suggestions................................................................................................................................3
2. Indian Armed Forces.....................................................................................................4
2.1 Integrated Theatre Command...........................................................................................6
2.2 Chief of Defence Staff (CDS)...............................................................................................7
2.3 Women in Combat Role........................................................................................................8
2.4 Defence Production...............................................................................................................8
3. Central Armed Police Forces.......................................................................................11
3.1 Border Security Force (BSF).............................................................................................. 11
3.2 Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)......................................................................12
3.3 Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF).............................................................................13
3.4 Indo-Tibetan Border Police Force (ITBP)....................................................................14
3.5 Sashatra Seema Bal (SSB)...................................................................................................16
3.6 National Security Guard (NSG).........................................................................................16
3.7 Special Protection Group (SPG).......................................................................................17
3.8 Issues faced by the Armed Police Forces.....................................................................18
3.9 Police Reforms.........................................................................................................................19
4. Central Paramilitary Forces (CPMF)........................................................................23
4.1 Assam Ri les..............................................................................................................................23
4.2 Indian Coast Guard................................................................................................................23
5. Security Agencies in India...........................................................................................25
5.1 Research and Analysis Wing (RAW)..............................................................................25
5.2 Intelligence Bureau (IB)......................................................................................................26
5.3 Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB)......................................................................................27
5.4 National Technical Research Organisation (NTRO)................................................28
5.5 National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID)..........................................................................29
5.6 National Investigation Agency (NIA).............................................................................30
5.7 Multi-Agency Center (MAC)...............................................................................................30
6. UPSC Mains Previous Years’ Questions...................................................................31
7. Vision IAS Mains Previous Years Questions..........................................................32
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3
,1. National Security Architecture of India
Functions of various Organisations
Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS)
It is the apex body for executive action on matters of national security.
CCS is responsible for Political oversight and decision making on national security ensuring the
democratic principle of civilian and political control of the apparatus.
Both National Security Council and CCS have a common membership which helps in easier
decision making and implementation.
Strategic Policy Group (SPG)
It is mandated to publish National Defense Review- a draft of short term and long-term security
threats and defense matters for consideration of NSC.
The SPG shall be the principal mechanism for inter-ministerial coordination and integration of
relevant inputs in the formulation of national security policies.
The Cabinet Secretary will coordinate the implementation of SPG decisions by the Union
Ministries and departments and State governments.
INDIA’S REVAMPED SECURITY ARCHITECTURE
PM
CCS
Home Defence Finance MEA
National Security Council NSA
Vice Chairman, Niti Aayog Chairman
Strategic Policy Group
Cabinet Secy
DyNSA DyNSA DyNSA Military
(IA) (SA) (Tech & Int) Adviser
CDS
Key Tasks Key Tasksaffairs Key Tasks Key Tasks Secy Defence
International
Policy Planning Maritime issues Cyber Security Strategy
Counter-terrosism ISRO Net Assessment
Neighbourhood
Border areas Infrastructure Future Technology
Future Technology (Military)
Secy Home
J&K, Northeast (Civil)
Chinese military assessment
along LAC
Foreign Secy
& Others
Defence Planning Committee
It is tasked to recommend policy measures to improve India’s defence capability and
preparedness, and national security in general.
To assist in the creation of national security strategy, international defence engagement strategy,
roadmap to build a defence manufacturing ecosystem, strategy to boost defence exports, and
priority capability development plans.
2
3
, 1.1 Issues in the structure
No national security/defence vision: Ideally, the country should have an overall national security
document from which the various agencies and the arms of the armed forces draw their mandate
and create their own respective and joint doctrines which would then translate into operational
doctrines for tactical engagement.
No regular meetings: Given that the NSC and the Cabinet Committee on Security have exactly the
same membership, the former rarely meets which weakens the national security system of the
country.
No legal power and accountability to parliament: NSA has no legal powers as per the
government’s allocation of business rules and it is not accountable to Parliament.
Lack of coordination: There is little conversation between the armed forces and the political class,
and even lesser conversation among the various arms of the forces.
Politicization of the actions of the armed forces.
1.2 Suggestions
More accountability and legal formality: The job of the National Security Adviser needs to be
reimagined by making him accountable to the parliament. The K.C. Pant Task Force in the late
1990s had recommended the creation of an NSA with the rank of a Cabinet Minister.
More powers to NSC: If the NSC is to be made more useful, the government’s allocation of business
rules should be amended to give more powers to the NSC and its subordinate organisations, such
as the Strategic Policy Group.
Increasing professionalism: Professionalizing the IAS and IDAS cadre and creating a specialized
national security cadre with requisite technical expertise.
Creation of a coordinating center: For effective operationalisation of terror related intelligence
inputs that was sought to be earlier addressed by setting up a National Counter-Terrorism Centre
(NCTC).
Manpower policy: There is need for the manpower policy of the Government for intelligence and
security agencies to attract the best talent and to retain them.
Comprehensive National Security Strategy: There is also an urgent need for India to evolve a
bipartisan policy on security-governance by developing a Comprehensive National Security
Strategy.
Copyright © by Vision IAS
All rights are reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or
otherwise, without prior permission of Vision IAS.
3
INTERNAL SECURITY
VARIOUS SECURITY
FORCES AND AGENCIES
AND THEIR MANDATE
,1. National Security Architecture of India..................................................................2
1.1 Issues in the structure..........................................................................................................3
1.2 Suggestions................................................................................................................................3
2. Indian Armed Forces.....................................................................................................4
2.1 Integrated Theatre Command...........................................................................................6
2.2 Chief of Defence Staff (CDS)...............................................................................................7
2.3 Women in Combat Role........................................................................................................8
2.4 Defence Production...............................................................................................................8
3. Central Armed Police Forces.......................................................................................11
3.1 Border Security Force (BSF).............................................................................................. 11
3.2 Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)......................................................................12
3.3 Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF).............................................................................13
3.4 Indo-Tibetan Border Police Force (ITBP)....................................................................14
3.5 Sashatra Seema Bal (SSB)...................................................................................................16
3.6 National Security Guard (NSG).........................................................................................16
3.7 Special Protection Group (SPG).......................................................................................17
3.8 Issues faced by the Armed Police Forces.....................................................................18
3.9 Police Reforms.........................................................................................................................19
4. Central Paramilitary Forces (CPMF)........................................................................23
4.1 Assam Ri les..............................................................................................................................23
4.2 Indian Coast Guard................................................................................................................23
5. Security Agencies in India...........................................................................................25
5.1 Research and Analysis Wing (RAW)..............................................................................25
5.2 Intelligence Bureau (IB)......................................................................................................26
5.3 Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB)......................................................................................27
5.4 National Technical Research Organisation (NTRO)................................................28
5.5 National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID)..........................................................................29
5.6 National Investigation Agency (NIA).............................................................................30
5.7 Multi-Agency Center (MAC)...............................................................................................30
6. UPSC Mains Previous Years’ Questions...................................................................31
7. Vision IAS Mains Previous Years Questions..........................................................32
1
3
,1. National Security Architecture of India
Functions of various Organisations
Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS)
It is the apex body for executive action on matters of national security.
CCS is responsible for Political oversight and decision making on national security ensuring the
democratic principle of civilian and political control of the apparatus.
Both National Security Council and CCS have a common membership which helps in easier
decision making and implementation.
Strategic Policy Group (SPG)
It is mandated to publish National Defense Review- a draft of short term and long-term security
threats and defense matters for consideration of NSC.
The SPG shall be the principal mechanism for inter-ministerial coordination and integration of
relevant inputs in the formulation of national security policies.
The Cabinet Secretary will coordinate the implementation of SPG decisions by the Union
Ministries and departments and State governments.
INDIA’S REVAMPED SECURITY ARCHITECTURE
PM
CCS
Home Defence Finance MEA
National Security Council NSA
Vice Chairman, Niti Aayog Chairman
Strategic Policy Group
Cabinet Secy
DyNSA DyNSA DyNSA Military
(IA) (SA) (Tech & Int) Adviser
CDS
Key Tasks Key Tasksaffairs Key Tasks Key Tasks Secy Defence
International
Policy Planning Maritime issues Cyber Security Strategy
Counter-terrosism ISRO Net Assessment
Neighbourhood
Border areas Infrastructure Future Technology
Future Technology (Military)
Secy Home
J&K, Northeast (Civil)
Chinese military assessment
along LAC
Foreign Secy
& Others
Defence Planning Committee
It is tasked to recommend policy measures to improve India’s defence capability and
preparedness, and national security in general.
To assist in the creation of national security strategy, international defence engagement strategy,
roadmap to build a defence manufacturing ecosystem, strategy to boost defence exports, and
priority capability development plans.
2
3
, 1.1 Issues in the structure
No national security/defence vision: Ideally, the country should have an overall national security
document from which the various agencies and the arms of the armed forces draw their mandate
and create their own respective and joint doctrines which would then translate into operational
doctrines for tactical engagement.
No regular meetings: Given that the NSC and the Cabinet Committee on Security have exactly the
same membership, the former rarely meets which weakens the national security system of the
country.
No legal power and accountability to parliament: NSA has no legal powers as per the
government’s allocation of business rules and it is not accountable to Parliament.
Lack of coordination: There is little conversation between the armed forces and the political class,
and even lesser conversation among the various arms of the forces.
Politicization of the actions of the armed forces.
1.2 Suggestions
More accountability and legal formality: The job of the National Security Adviser needs to be
reimagined by making him accountable to the parliament. The K.C. Pant Task Force in the late
1990s had recommended the creation of an NSA with the rank of a Cabinet Minister.
More powers to NSC: If the NSC is to be made more useful, the government’s allocation of business
rules should be amended to give more powers to the NSC and its subordinate organisations, such
as the Strategic Policy Group.
Increasing professionalism: Professionalizing the IAS and IDAS cadre and creating a specialized
national security cadre with requisite technical expertise.
Creation of a coordinating center: For effective operationalisation of terror related intelligence
inputs that was sought to be earlier addressed by setting up a National Counter-Terrorism Centre
(NCTC).
Manpower policy: There is need for the manpower policy of the Government for intelligence and
security agencies to attract the best talent and to retain them.
Comprehensive National Security Strategy: There is also an urgent need for India to evolve a
bipartisan policy on security-governance by developing a Comprehensive National Security
Strategy.
Copyright © by Vision IAS
All rights are reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or
otherwise, without prior permission of Vision IAS.
3
