Rodak’s Hematology, 5th Edition, Elaine Keohane, Larry Smith, Jeanine Walenga,

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,Hematology/Hemostasis Reference Intervals
Unless otherwise noted, data for reference interval tables were compiled from multiple sources and may vary slightly from
intervals listed within chapters. Each laboratory must establish its particular intervals based on its instrumentation, meth-
odology and demographics of the population it serves.




COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT REFERENCE INTERVALS (ADULT)
Assay Units Reference Intervals Assay Units Reference Intervals
RBC, male ! 106/µL (! 1012/L) 4.20–6.00 RETIC % 0.5–2.5
RBC, female ! 106/µL (! 1012/L) 3.80–5.20 NRBC /100 WBC 0
HGB, male g/dL (g/L) 13.5–18.0 WBC ! 103/µL (! 109/L) 3.6–10.6
(135–180) NEUT % 50–70
HGB, female g/dL (g/L) 12.0–15.0 NEUT (ANC) ! 103/µL (! 109/L) 1.7–7.5
(120–150) LYMPH % 18–42
HCT, male % (L/L) 40–54 LYMPH ! 103/µL (! 109/L) 1.0–3.2




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(0.40–0.54) MONO % 2–11
HCT, female % (L/L) 35–49 MONO ! 103/µL (! 109/L) 0.1–1.3
(0.35–0.49) EO % 1–3



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MCV fL 80–100 EO ! 103/µL (! 109/L) 0–0.3




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MCH pg 26–34 BASO % 0–2
MCHC g/dL 32–36 BASO ! 103/µL (! 109/L) 0–0.2




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RDW % 11.5–14.5 PLT ! 103/µL (! 109/L) 150–450
RETIC ! 103/µL (! 109/L) 20–115 MPV fL 7.0–12.0




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REFERENCE INTERVALS FOR OTHER COMMONLY ORDERED TESTS (ADULTS)
Assay Units Reference Intervals Assay Units Reference Intervals



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ESR, male (Westergren) mm 1 hour 0–15 (0"50 y) ESR, female mm 1 hour 0–20 (0"50 y)




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0–20 (#50 y) (Westergren) 0–30 (#50 y)




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Serum iron µg/dL 50–160 Serum vitamin B12 pg/mL 200–900
Total iron-binding µg/dL 250–400 Serum folate ng/mL # 4.0




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capacity RBC folate ng/mL # 120
Transferrin saturation % 20–55 Haptoglobin mg/dL 30–200
Serum ferritin, male ng/mL 40–400 Free serum hemoglobin mg/dL 0–10
Serum ferritin, female ng/mL 12–160




HEMOGLOBIN FRACTION REFERENCE INTERVALS
Fraction Adult Reference Intervals (%) Newborn Reference Intervals (%)
Hb A # 95 10–40
Hb F 0–2.0 60–90
Hb A2 0–3.5

, BONE MARROW ASPIRATE REFERENCE INTERVALS (ADULT)
WBC Differential Reference Intervals (%) Erythrocyte Series Reference Intervals (%)
Blasts 0–3
Promyelocytes 1–5 Pronormoblasts 0–1
N. myelocytes 6–17 Basophilic NB 1–4
N. metamyelocytes 3–20 Polychromatophilic NB 10–20
N. bands 9–32 Orthochromic NB 6–10
N. segmented (polymorphonuclear) 7–30
Eosinophils 0–3 Other
Basophils 0–1 M:E ratio 1.5–3.3:1
Lymphocytes 5–18 Megakaryocytes 2–10/lpf
Plasma cells 0–1
Monocytes 0–1
Histiocytes (macrophages) 0–1




COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT REFERENCE INTERVALS (PEDIATRIC)

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Assay Units 0–1 d 2–4 d 5–7 d 8–14 d 15–30 d 1–2 mo 3–5 mo 6–11 mo 1–3 y 4–7 y 8–13 y
RBC ! 106/µL 4.10–6.10 4.36–5.96 4.20–5.80 4.00–5.60 3.20–5.00 3.40–5.00 3.65–5.05 3.60–5.20 3.40–5.20 4.00–5.20 4.00–5.40




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(! 1012/L)




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HGB g/dL (g/L) 16.5–21.5 16.4–20.8 15.2–20.4 15.0–19.6 12.2–18.0 10.6–16.4 10.4–16.0 10.4–15.6 9.6–15.6 10.2–15.2 12.0–15.0
(165–215) (164–208) (152–204) (150–196) (122–180) (106–164) (104–160) (104–156) (96–156) (102–152) (120–150)




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HCT % 48–68 48–68 50–64 46–62 38–53 32–50 35–51 35–51 34–48 36–46 35–49




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MCV fL 95–125 98–118 100–120 95–115 93–113 83–107 83–107 78–102 76–92 78–94 80–94
MCH pg 30–42 30–42 30–42 30–42 28–40 27–37 25–35 23–31 23–31 23–31 26–32




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MCHC g/dL 30–34 30–34 30–34 30–34 30–34 31–37 32–36 32–36 32–36 32–36 32–36
RDW % * * * * * * * 11.5–14.5 11.5–14.5 11.5–14.5 11.5–14.5




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RETIC % 1.8–5.8 1.3–4.7 0.2–1.4 0–1.0 0.2–1.0 0.8–2.8 0.5–1.5 0.5–1.5 0.5–1.5 0.5–1.5 0.5–1.5
RETIC ! 103/µL 73.8–353.8 56.7–280.1 8.4–81.2 0.0–56.0 6.4–50.0 27.2–140.0 18.3–75.8 18.0–78.0 17.0–78.8 20–78.0 20–124.2




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(! 109/L)




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NRBC /100 WBC 2–24 5–9 0–1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
WBC ! 103/µL 9.0–37.0 8.0–24.0 5.0–21.0 5.0–21.0 5.0–21.0 6.0–18.0 6.0–18.0 6.0–18.0 5.5–17.5 5.0–17.0 4.5–13.5




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(! 109/ L)
NEUT ! 103/µL 3.7–30.0 2.6–17.0 1.5–12.6 1.2–11.6 1.0–9.5 1.2–8.1 1.1–7.7 1.2–8.1 1.2–8.9 1.5–11.0 1.6–9.5
(ANC) (! 109/L)
LYMPH ! 103/µL 1.6–14.1 1.3–11.0 1.2–11.3 1.5–13.0 2.1–12.8 2.5–13.0 2.7–13.5 2.9–14.0 2.0–12.8 1.5–11.1 1.0–7.2
(! 109/L)
MONO ! 103/µL 0.1–4.4 0.2–3.4 0.2–3.6 0.2–3.6 0.1–3.2 0.2–2.5 0.1–2.0 0.1–2.0 0.1–1.9 0.1–1.9 0.1–1.5
(! 109/L)
EO ! 103/µL 0.0–1.5 0.0–1.2 0.0–1.3 0.0–1.1 0.0–1.1 0.0–0.7 0.0–0.7 0.0–0.7 0.0–0.7 0.0–0.7 0.0–0.5
(! 109/L)
BASO ! 103/µL 0.0–0.7 0.0–0.5 0.0–0.4 0.0–0.4 0.0–0.4 0.0–0.4 0.0–0.4 0.0–0.4 0.0–0.4 0.0–0.3 0.0–0.3
(! 109/L)
PLT ! 103/µL 150–450 150–450 150–450 150–450 150–450 150–450 150–450 150–450 150–450 150–450 150–450
(! 109/L)

*The RDW is markedly elevated in newborns, with a range of 14.2% to 19.9% in the first few days of life, gradually decreasing until it reaches adult levels by 6 months of age.
Pediatric reference intervals are from Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN.



Some reference intervals are listed in common units and in international system of units (SI units) in parenthesis.
ANC, absolute neutrophil count (includes segmented neutrophils and bands); BAND, neutrophil bands; BASO, basophils; d, days; EO, eosinophils; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate;
Hb, hemoglobin fraction; HCT, hematocrit; HGB, hemoglobin; lpf, low power field; LYMPH, lymphocytes; MCH, mean cell hemoglobin; MCHC, mean cell hemoglobin concentration; MCV,
mean cell volume; M:E, myeloid:erythroid; mo, month; MONO, monocytes; MPV, mean platelet volume; N, neutrophilic; NB, normoblast; NEUT, neutrophils; NRBC, nucleated red blood
cells; PLT, platelets; RBC, red blood cells; RDW, red blood cell distribution width; RETIC, reticulocytes; WBC, white blood cells; y, year.


Please see inside back cover for additional reference interval tables.

, Hematology
RODAK’S


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CLINICAL PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS

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