Bcor 370 Exam 3 Exam Questions And
Answers (Verified And Updated)
Trait approach (leadership)
Based on the assumption that good leaders are born, not made. Individuals with certain personal
characteristics make the best leaders
Behavioral approach (leadership)
An attempt to isolate and identify behaviors common to effective leaders. Such behaviors could be
systemized and taught. Thus, people can be trained to become effective leaders.
Contingency approach (leadership)
The appropriate leader behavior is the behavior that best fits the constraints a specific behavior.
Fiedler's contigency theory
-Leader: task or relationship oriented
-Situation: favorable or unfavorable
-Task: Favorable or unfavorable
-Relationship: moderate
-Leaders cannot change behavior
Hersey and Blanchard's situational model
Based on interplay among:
-Amount of guidance and direction (task behavior)
-Amount of socio-emotional support (relationship behavior)
-The readiness level of the follower
Charismatic approach (leadership)
-Self-confidence
-Advocate and communicate (have a vision)
-Strong convictions
-Extraordinary behavior
-Viewed as change agents
Empowering approach (leadership)
Super leadership: the process of leading others to lead themselves
Self-leadership
The process through which people influence themselves to achieve the self-direction and self-
motivation needed to perform
Behavior focused strategies
-Self-observation
-Self-goal setting
-Self-rewards
-Self-correcting feedback (self-punishment)
-Practice
-Self-cueing: taking away negatives
, Natural reward strategies
Build more pleasant and enjoyable features into a given task or activity. Focus attention on the
naturally rewarding aspects of the task
Constructive thought strategies
Thought patterns:
-opportunity thinking: a focus on worthwhile challenges, opportunities, and constructive approaches
to difficult and unpleasant situations
-obstacle thinking: a focus on reasons to give up and retreat from problems or difficulties
Self-talk: what we covertly tell ourselves
Mental imagery: the creation and symbolic experience of behavior prior to actual performance
Beliefs and assumptions: irrational, inaccurate, or dysfunctional beliefs and assumptions can result in
distorted thought process that hinder personal effectiveness and often lead to depression
Theories of behavior
Behavioral view: classical/operant conditioning
Cognitive view:
-social cognitive theory: (albert van g.) Self efficacy, self regulation, vicarious learning, triadic
reciprocal model (reinforcement-behavior-cognitive processes)
Reinforcement theory
Behavior determined by environmental factors: stimulus, response, consequence, future response
Perception
the process of interpreting one's environment. Behavior is based on perception of reality, not reality.
Personality
stable and unique pattern of traits, characteristics, and resulting behaviors that gives an individual his
or her identity
The Myers Briggs Type Indicator
Extraversion(e) vs. introversion(i)
Intuitive(n) vs. sensing(s)
Thinking(t) vs. feeling(f)
Judging(j) vs. Perceiving℗
Lexical hypothesis
all individual differences (traits and characteristics) are encoded in language. Over decades of factor
analysis, five primary factors continue the emerge (the big-five)
The Big-Five model of personality
-Extraversion
-Agreeableness
-Conscientiousness
-Emotional stability
-Openness to experience
Answers (Verified And Updated)
Trait approach (leadership)
Based on the assumption that good leaders are born, not made. Individuals with certain personal
characteristics make the best leaders
Behavioral approach (leadership)
An attempt to isolate and identify behaviors common to effective leaders. Such behaviors could be
systemized and taught. Thus, people can be trained to become effective leaders.
Contingency approach (leadership)
The appropriate leader behavior is the behavior that best fits the constraints a specific behavior.
Fiedler's contigency theory
-Leader: task or relationship oriented
-Situation: favorable or unfavorable
-Task: Favorable or unfavorable
-Relationship: moderate
-Leaders cannot change behavior
Hersey and Blanchard's situational model
Based on interplay among:
-Amount of guidance and direction (task behavior)
-Amount of socio-emotional support (relationship behavior)
-The readiness level of the follower
Charismatic approach (leadership)
-Self-confidence
-Advocate and communicate (have a vision)
-Strong convictions
-Extraordinary behavior
-Viewed as change agents
Empowering approach (leadership)
Super leadership: the process of leading others to lead themselves
Self-leadership
The process through which people influence themselves to achieve the self-direction and self-
motivation needed to perform
Behavior focused strategies
-Self-observation
-Self-goal setting
-Self-rewards
-Self-correcting feedback (self-punishment)
-Practice
-Self-cueing: taking away negatives
, Natural reward strategies
Build more pleasant and enjoyable features into a given task or activity. Focus attention on the
naturally rewarding aspects of the task
Constructive thought strategies
Thought patterns:
-opportunity thinking: a focus on worthwhile challenges, opportunities, and constructive approaches
to difficult and unpleasant situations
-obstacle thinking: a focus on reasons to give up and retreat from problems or difficulties
Self-talk: what we covertly tell ourselves
Mental imagery: the creation and symbolic experience of behavior prior to actual performance
Beliefs and assumptions: irrational, inaccurate, or dysfunctional beliefs and assumptions can result in
distorted thought process that hinder personal effectiveness and often lead to depression
Theories of behavior
Behavioral view: classical/operant conditioning
Cognitive view:
-social cognitive theory: (albert van g.) Self efficacy, self regulation, vicarious learning, triadic
reciprocal model (reinforcement-behavior-cognitive processes)
Reinforcement theory
Behavior determined by environmental factors: stimulus, response, consequence, future response
Perception
the process of interpreting one's environment. Behavior is based on perception of reality, not reality.
Personality
stable and unique pattern of traits, characteristics, and resulting behaviors that gives an individual his
or her identity
The Myers Briggs Type Indicator
Extraversion(e) vs. introversion(i)
Intuitive(n) vs. sensing(s)
Thinking(t) vs. feeling(f)
Judging(j) vs. Perceiving℗
Lexical hypothesis
all individual differences (traits and characteristics) are encoded in language. Over decades of factor
analysis, five primary factors continue the emerge (the big-five)
The Big-Five model of personality
-Extraversion
-Agreeableness
-Conscientiousness
-Emotional stability
-Openness to experience
