Edexcel A Level Clinical
Psychology May 2024 Exam
Questions and Answers 100%
Pass
What is the HCPC ?
Health and Care Professions Council - Keeps a register of
psychologists and social work professionals who meet their
standards and they regulate these professions.
How does the HCPC protect the public?
- Set standards in terms of education and training, professional
skills, conduct, performance and ethics
- Keeps a register of professionals
- Approve programmes where professionals must complete to
register
- Take action when professionals do not meet standards
Examples of standards
-Communicate appropriately/effectively
-Know the limits of your knowledge and skill
-Be able to work appropriately with others
Structured interviews
Standardised so all respondents are asked the same questions in
the same way, often using closed questions. Easy to administer,
no need to establish rapport. Data is superficial and lacks depth.
Semi-structure interviews
Researcher has a set of questions they aim to be answered but
no standardised format. Conversation can flow while achieving
research aim and getting relevant information. Both quantitative
and qualitative.
Unstructured interviews
,Loose research aim and qualitative information. Interviewer is
analytical and can seek meaning from respondents.
Strengths/Weaknesses of interviews
+Unstructured interviews gather qualitative data because issues
can be explored, gives in depth and detailed data
-Subjectivity when analysing data
+More valid than questionnaires
-Interviewer bias and social desirability as interviewees may
respond in a socially acceptable way
Standardised instructions
A list of instructions for all participants that is the same for all
people
Interviewer bias
Age, gender and ethnicity of interviewer and style of interviewing
can affect the answer of the individual.
Subjectivity
How someone's judgement is shaped by particular feelings,
beliefs and desires.
Objectivity
All sources of bias are minimised and subjectivity is eliminated.
Examples of interview study in clinical psychology
Brown et al (1986)
Aim
-Will crisis support (CS) protect against depression (even with low
self esteem and lack of support)
-Are low self-esteem and lack of support vulnerability factors
-Does support from a close relationship reduce risk of
development of depression
Procedure
Longitudinal study with prospective design (gathering data as you
go).
395F ppts at the start, 303 by the end (attrition and 50 already
had onset depression in 1st phase)
From Islington, London. 18-50yrs old. Husband manual laborer.
, At least one child under 18 living with them. Asked GP to send
letters to take part
Phase 1:
Self-esteem and personal ties measured. Psychiatric history
collected and psychiatric disorder measured via interview
Phase 2:
1yr later, collected data on onset of psychiatric history, life-event
stress (SLE) and social support (via semi-structured interview)
Results
-49.5% had SLE over last 12 months
-11% had onset of depression (91% of those had a SLE in 6
months prior to onset)
-33% who had a SLE and onset of depression also had a
negative view of themselves (13% didn't)
-92% of those who had CS said it was helpful
-42% of those who had support but were let down at time of crisis
developed depression & 44% who didn't have support both times
developed depression
Lack of support may lower self esteem. Both are risk factors.
Support most importantly needed during crisis.
Strengths/Weaknesses
+Opportunity sampling so women chose to partake
-Low generalisability as sample was quite precise
+Interviews gave in-depth/detailed data needed for analysis of
such complex inter-related concepts like self esteem, social
support and SLEs
-Qualitative data reduced to quantitative so less valid and
stressful interview questions could've had negative effect
Primary data
Information the researcher gathers themselves directly from a
group of participants
Strengths of primary data
Psychology May 2024 Exam
Questions and Answers 100%
Pass
What is the HCPC ?
Health and Care Professions Council - Keeps a register of
psychologists and social work professionals who meet their
standards and they regulate these professions.
How does the HCPC protect the public?
- Set standards in terms of education and training, professional
skills, conduct, performance and ethics
- Keeps a register of professionals
- Approve programmes where professionals must complete to
register
- Take action when professionals do not meet standards
Examples of standards
-Communicate appropriately/effectively
-Know the limits of your knowledge and skill
-Be able to work appropriately with others
Structured interviews
Standardised so all respondents are asked the same questions in
the same way, often using closed questions. Easy to administer,
no need to establish rapport. Data is superficial and lacks depth.
Semi-structure interviews
Researcher has a set of questions they aim to be answered but
no standardised format. Conversation can flow while achieving
research aim and getting relevant information. Both quantitative
and qualitative.
Unstructured interviews
,Loose research aim and qualitative information. Interviewer is
analytical and can seek meaning from respondents.
Strengths/Weaknesses of interviews
+Unstructured interviews gather qualitative data because issues
can be explored, gives in depth and detailed data
-Subjectivity when analysing data
+More valid than questionnaires
-Interviewer bias and social desirability as interviewees may
respond in a socially acceptable way
Standardised instructions
A list of instructions for all participants that is the same for all
people
Interviewer bias
Age, gender and ethnicity of interviewer and style of interviewing
can affect the answer of the individual.
Subjectivity
How someone's judgement is shaped by particular feelings,
beliefs and desires.
Objectivity
All sources of bias are minimised and subjectivity is eliminated.
Examples of interview study in clinical psychology
Brown et al (1986)
Aim
-Will crisis support (CS) protect against depression (even with low
self esteem and lack of support)
-Are low self-esteem and lack of support vulnerability factors
-Does support from a close relationship reduce risk of
development of depression
Procedure
Longitudinal study with prospective design (gathering data as you
go).
395F ppts at the start, 303 by the end (attrition and 50 already
had onset depression in 1st phase)
From Islington, London. 18-50yrs old. Husband manual laborer.
, At least one child under 18 living with them. Asked GP to send
letters to take part
Phase 1:
Self-esteem and personal ties measured. Psychiatric history
collected and psychiatric disorder measured via interview
Phase 2:
1yr later, collected data on onset of psychiatric history, life-event
stress (SLE) and social support (via semi-structured interview)
Results
-49.5% had SLE over last 12 months
-11% had onset of depression (91% of those had a SLE in 6
months prior to onset)
-33% who had a SLE and onset of depression also had a
negative view of themselves (13% didn't)
-92% of those who had CS said it was helpful
-42% of those who had support but were let down at time of crisis
developed depression & 44% who didn't have support both times
developed depression
Lack of support may lower self esteem. Both are risk factors.
Support most importantly needed during crisis.
Strengths/Weaknesses
+Opportunity sampling so women chose to partake
-Low generalisability as sample was quite precise
+Interviews gave in-depth/detailed data needed for analysis of
such complex inter-related concepts like self esteem, social
support and SLEs
-Qualitative data reduced to quantitative so less valid and
stressful interview questions could've had negative effect
Primary data
Information the researcher gathers themselves directly from a
group of participants
Strengths of primary data
