MENTAL HEALTH HESI LATEST EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS ANSWERED 100% VERIFIED UPDATED
GRADED A+
Milieu therapy
1.The planned use of people, resources, and activities in the environment to assist in
improving interpersonal skills, social functioning, and performing ADLS, as well as
safety and protection. 2. focus is here and now. 3. Uses limit setting. 4. Client makes
decisions about their care. 5. Support group sharing, cooperation, and compromise. 6.
Support client privacy and autonomy and provide clear expectations.
Behavior modification
1. Changes ineffective behavior patterns; it focuses on the consequences of actions
rather than on peer pressure. 2. Positive reinforcement strengthens desired behavior. 3.
Negative reinforcement decreases/eliminated inappropriate behavior. 4. Role modeling
and teaching
Family therapy
1. Entire family is the client. 2. Family as a system of interrelated parts forming a whole.
3. Focus on patterns of interaction within the family, not on individual. 4. Therapist
assists the family in identifying the roles assigned to each member based on family
rules. 5. Life scripts and self-fulfilling prophecies are identified. 6. Congruent and
incongruent communication patterns and behaviors are identified. 7. Goal to decrease
family conflict and anxiety and to develop appropriate role relationship.
Crisis Intervention
1. Directed at the resolution of an immediate crisis, which the individual is unable to
handle alone. 2. Crisis may develop when previously learned coping mechanisms are
ineffective in dealing w/ current problem. 3. In state of disequilibrium. 4. If in panic state
as a result of disorganization be very directive. 5. Focus on problem, not cause. 6.
,Identify support systems. 7. Identify fast coping patterns from other stressful situations.
8. Goal to return to pre-crisis level of functioning. 9. Intervention limited to 6 weeks.
Cognitive therapy
1. Directed at replacing a client's irrational beliefs and distorted attitudes. 2. Is focused,
problem-solving therapy. 3. Therapist and client work together to identify and solve
problems and overcome difficulties. 4. Short-term therapy of 2-3 months duration. 5.
Involves cognitive restructuring.
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
1. Involves the use of electrically induced seizures for psychiatric purposes. It is used
with severely depressed clients who fail to respond to antidepressant meds and
therapy. May be used with extremely suicidal clients because 2 weeks are needed for
antidepressants to take effect.
Nursing care prior to ECT
1. Prepare client by teaching what treatment involves. 2. Avoid using word "shock." 3.
Anticholinergic (atropine sulfate) usually given 30 min before treatment to dry oral
secretions. 4. Quick-acting muscle relaxant (succinylcholine [Anectine]) or general
anesthetic is given before to precent bone or muscle damage. 5. Have an emergency
cart, suction equipment, and O2 available in the room.
Nursing care after ECT
1. Maintain patent airway. 2. Check vitals every 15 min until client is alert. 3. Reorient
client after ECT. 4. Headache, Muscle soreness, Nausea, Retrograde amnesia
Group intervention
1. Process is used with 2 or more clients.
Types of groups
1. Closed (set group) or open (new members can join). 2. Small or large (>10
members). 3. Psychoeducation, supportive therapy, psychotherapy, self-help. 4.
Common nurse-led intervention groups include those that focus on meds, symptoms
management, anger management, and self-care
Initial (Orientation) phase
High anxiety, superficial interactions, testing the therapist to see if he or she can be
trusted.
,Middle (Working) phase
Problem identification, beginning of problem-solving, beginning of the group sense of
"we"
Termination phase
Evaluation of experience, expression of feelings ranging from anger to joy
Advantages of groups
1. Development of socializing techniques. 2. Opportunity to try new behaviors. 3.
Promotion of a feeling of universality. 4. Opportunity for feedback from the group, which
may correct distorted perceptions. 5. Opportunity for clients to look at alternative ways
of analyzing and dealign with problems
Acknowledgement
Recognizing the client's opinions and statements w/o imposing your own values and
judgement
Clarifying
The process of making sure you have understood the meaning of what was said
Confrontation
Calling attention to inconsistent behavior, information shared or not shared
Focusing
Assisting the client to explore a specific topic, which may include sharing perceptions
and theme identification
Information giving
Feedback about client's observed behavior
Open-ended questions
Questions that require more than a yes or no response
Reflecting/restating
Paraphrasing or repeating what the client has said (Be careful not to overuse; client will
feel as though you are not listening).
Silence
Can be therapeutic or can be used to control interaction; use carefully with paranoid
client; may be misinterpreted or could be used to support paranoid ideation
Suggesting
, Offering alternatives
Denial
Unconscious failure to acknowledge an event, thought, or feeling that is too painful for
conscious awareness
Displacement
Transference of feelings to another person or object
Identification
Attempt to be like someone or emulate the personality, traits, or behaviors of another
person
Intellectualization
Using reason to avoid emotional conflicts
Introjection
Incorporation of values or qualities of an admired person or group into one's own ego
structure
Isolation
Separation of an unacceptable feeling, idea, or impulse from one's though process
Passive-aggression
Indirectly expressing aggression toward other; a facade of overt compliance masks
covert resentment
Projection
Attributing one's own thoughts or impulses to another person
Rationalization
Offering an acceptable, logical explanation to make unacceptable feelings and behavior
acceptable
Reaction formation
Development of conscious attitudes and behaviors that are the opposite of what is really
felt
Regression
Reverting to an earlier level of development when anxious or high stressed
Repression
Involuntary exclusion of a painful thought or memory from awareness
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS ANSWERED 100% VERIFIED UPDATED
GRADED A+
Milieu therapy
1.The planned use of people, resources, and activities in the environment to assist in
improving interpersonal skills, social functioning, and performing ADLS, as well as
safety and protection. 2. focus is here and now. 3. Uses limit setting. 4. Client makes
decisions about their care. 5. Support group sharing, cooperation, and compromise. 6.
Support client privacy and autonomy and provide clear expectations.
Behavior modification
1. Changes ineffective behavior patterns; it focuses on the consequences of actions
rather than on peer pressure. 2. Positive reinforcement strengthens desired behavior. 3.
Negative reinforcement decreases/eliminated inappropriate behavior. 4. Role modeling
and teaching
Family therapy
1. Entire family is the client. 2. Family as a system of interrelated parts forming a whole.
3. Focus on patterns of interaction within the family, not on individual. 4. Therapist
assists the family in identifying the roles assigned to each member based on family
rules. 5. Life scripts and self-fulfilling prophecies are identified. 6. Congruent and
incongruent communication patterns and behaviors are identified. 7. Goal to decrease
family conflict and anxiety and to develop appropriate role relationship.
Crisis Intervention
1. Directed at the resolution of an immediate crisis, which the individual is unable to
handle alone. 2. Crisis may develop when previously learned coping mechanisms are
ineffective in dealing w/ current problem. 3. In state of disequilibrium. 4. If in panic state
as a result of disorganization be very directive. 5. Focus on problem, not cause. 6.
,Identify support systems. 7. Identify fast coping patterns from other stressful situations.
8. Goal to return to pre-crisis level of functioning. 9. Intervention limited to 6 weeks.
Cognitive therapy
1. Directed at replacing a client's irrational beliefs and distorted attitudes. 2. Is focused,
problem-solving therapy. 3. Therapist and client work together to identify and solve
problems and overcome difficulties. 4. Short-term therapy of 2-3 months duration. 5.
Involves cognitive restructuring.
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
1. Involves the use of electrically induced seizures for psychiatric purposes. It is used
with severely depressed clients who fail to respond to antidepressant meds and
therapy. May be used with extremely suicidal clients because 2 weeks are needed for
antidepressants to take effect.
Nursing care prior to ECT
1. Prepare client by teaching what treatment involves. 2. Avoid using word "shock." 3.
Anticholinergic (atropine sulfate) usually given 30 min before treatment to dry oral
secretions. 4. Quick-acting muscle relaxant (succinylcholine [Anectine]) or general
anesthetic is given before to precent bone or muscle damage. 5. Have an emergency
cart, suction equipment, and O2 available in the room.
Nursing care after ECT
1. Maintain patent airway. 2. Check vitals every 15 min until client is alert. 3. Reorient
client after ECT. 4. Headache, Muscle soreness, Nausea, Retrograde amnesia
Group intervention
1. Process is used with 2 or more clients.
Types of groups
1. Closed (set group) or open (new members can join). 2. Small or large (>10
members). 3. Psychoeducation, supportive therapy, psychotherapy, self-help. 4.
Common nurse-led intervention groups include those that focus on meds, symptoms
management, anger management, and self-care
Initial (Orientation) phase
High anxiety, superficial interactions, testing the therapist to see if he or she can be
trusted.
,Middle (Working) phase
Problem identification, beginning of problem-solving, beginning of the group sense of
"we"
Termination phase
Evaluation of experience, expression of feelings ranging from anger to joy
Advantages of groups
1. Development of socializing techniques. 2. Opportunity to try new behaviors. 3.
Promotion of a feeling of universality. 4. Opportunity for feedback from the group, which
may correct distorted perceptions. 5. Opportunity for clients to look at alternative ways
of analyzing and dealign with problems
Acknowledgement
Recognizing the client's opinions and statements w/o imposing your own values and
judgement
Clarifying
The process of making sure you have understood the meaning of what was said
Confrontation
Calling attention to inconsistent behavior, information shared or not shared
Focusing
Assisting the client to explore a specific topic, which may include sharing perceptions
and theme identification
Information giving
Feedback about client's observed behavior
Open-ended questions
Questions that require more than a yes or no response
Reflecting/restating
Paraphrasing or repeating what the client has said (Be careful not to overuse; client will
feel as though you are not listening).
Silence
Can be therapeutic or can be used to control interaction; use carefully with paranoid
client; may be misinterpreted or could be used to support paranoid ideation
Suggesting
, Offering alternatives
Denial
Unconscious failure to acknowledge an event, thought, or feeling that is too painful for
conscious awareness
Displacement
Transference of feelings to another person or object
Identification
Attempt to be like someone or emulate the personality, traits, or behaviors of another
person
Intellectualization
Using reason to avoid emotional conflicts
Introjection
Incorporation of values or qualities of an admired person or group into one's own ego
structure
Isolation
Separation of an unacceptable feeling, idea, or impulse from one's though process
Passive-aggression
Indirectly expressing aggression toward other; a facade of overt compliance masks
covert resentment
Projection
Attributing one's own thoughts or impulses to another person
Rationalization
Offering an acceptable, logical explanation to make unacceptable feelings and behavior
acceptable
Reaction formation
Development of conscious attitudes and behaviors that are the opposite of what is really
felt
Regression
Reverting to an earlier level of development when anxious or high stressed
Repression
Involuntary exclusion of a painful thought or memory from awareness
