NURS 612 Exam 3 Neuro Questions And
Answers 100% Verified
What are the abnormal findings when testing Cranial nerve I (olfactory)?
inability to perceive an odor on either side, anosnia (loss of smell), and the inability to discriminate
odors.
What are the abnormal findings when testing Cranial nerve II (optic)?
abnormal fundi exam with opthalmoscope and problems with distant or near vision.
What are the abnormal findings when testing cranial nerve III, IV, and VI?
abnormal pupillary response, drooping eyelid, abnormal extraocular movements, problems with
consensual pupillary response.
What are the abnormal findings when testing cranial nerve V (trigeminal)?
facial atrophy, facial tremors, decreased tone and strength in the jaw, inability to discern pain in each
branch or touch, absent corneal reflex.
What are the abnormal findings when testing cranial nerve VII (facial)?
asymmetrical facial features, inability to taste salty or sweet.
What are the abnormal findings when testing cranial nerve VIII (acoustic)?
bone or air conduction hearing deficit, lateralization of sound with Weber test, inability to hear
whispers.
What are the abnormal findings when testing cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal), and X (vagus)?
Inability to taste sour or bitter on either side of the tongue, absent gag reflex, inability to swallow,
asymmetry in uvula with speech, gutteral speech sounds.
What are the abnormal findings when testing cranial nerve XI (spinal accessory)?
cannot shrug shoulders against resistance, cannot turn head side to side against resistance.
What are the abnormal findings when testing cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal)?
protruded tongue is not symmetrical, tremors, atrophy. Tongue does not move up towards nose or
down towards chin, test tongue strength with index finger when tongue is pressed against the cheek
(weakness), evaluate lingual speech (l, t, d, n).
How do you evaluate proprioception?
through coordination, fine motor skills, and balance.
What are some proprioception coordination tests?
rapid rhythmic alternating movements such as thumb to fingers as quickly as possible , the finger-to-
nose test, and the heel-to-skin test.
How is balance evaluated?
, with the Romberg test, fast recovery of balance when shoved, eyes closed standing on one foot,
hopping in place on one foot then the other.
What is the Romberg test?
ask the patient (with eyes open then closed) to stand, feet together and arms at the side. Stand close,
prepared to catch them. Loss of balance is a positive Romberg sign.
What does a positive Romberg sign mean?
indicates cerebellar ataxia, vestibular dysfunction or sensory loss.
What is the cerebellum responsible for?
voluntary movement, sensory information processing, reflexive control of muscle tone, balance, and
posture to produce steady and precise movements.
What are possible differential diagnoses for abnormal cerebellar functioning?
cerebellar ataxia (cerebellitis) affects gait and balance. Can be caused by chicken pox, Epstein- Barr,
and coxsackie viruses.
How do you evaluate sensory function?
evaluate both primary and cortical discriminatory sensation by having the patient identify various
sensory stimuli at the following sites: hands, lower arms, abdomen, feet, and lower legs.
How is each sensory discrimination procedure tested?
with the patient's eyes closed, test side to side.
What are normal findings when testing sensory function?
minimal differences side to side, correct description of sensations (hot/cold/dull/sharp), recognition
of the side of the body tested, location of sensation and whether proximal or distal to the previous
stimuli.
What do abnormal sensory function findings indicate for possible differential diagnoses?
some defects cause sensory loss such as single peripheral nerve, multiple peripheral nerves
(polyneuropathy), multiple spinal nerve roots, complete transverse lesion of the spinal cord, parital
spinal sensory syndrome (Brown-Sequard Syndrome).
How do you test primary sensory functions?
superficial touch, superficial pain, temperature, deep pressure, vibration, and position of joints.
Explain superficial touch.
touch the skin with a cotton wisp or with your fingertip, using light strokes. Over deep pressure or
hairy places.
Explain superficial pain.
alternating the sharp and smooth edges of a broken tongue blade or paper clip, touch the skin in an
unpredictable pattern. Allow 2 seconds between each stimulus to avoid a summative effect. Ask the
patient to identify each sensation as sharp or dull and where it is felt.
Answers 100% Verified
What are the abnormal findings when testing Cranial nerve I (olfactory)?
inability to perceive an odor on either side, anosnia (loss of smell), and the inability to discriminate
odors.
What are the abnormal findings when testing Cranial nerve II (optic)?
abnormal fundi exam with opthalmoscope and problems with distant or near vision.
What are the abnormal findings when testing cranial nerve III, IV, and VI?
abnormal pupillary response, drooping eyelid, abnormal extraocular movements, problems with
consensual pupillary response.
What are the abnormal findings when testing cranial nerve V (trigeminal)?
facial atrophy, facial tremors, decreased tone and strength in the jaw, inability to discern pain in each
branch or touch, absent corneal reflex.
What are the abnormal findings when testing cranial nerve VII (facial)?
asymmetrical facial features, inability to taste salty or sweet.
What are the abnormal findings when testing cranial nerve VIII (acoustic)?
bone or air conduction hearing deficit, lateralization of sound with Weber test, inability to hear
whispers.
What are the abnormal findings when testing cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal), and X (vagus)?
Inability to taste sour or bitter on either side of the tongue, absent gag reflex, inability to swallow,
asymmetry in uvula with speech, gutteral speech sounds.
What are the abnormal findings when testing cranial nerve XI (spinal accessory)?
cannot shrug shoulders against resistance, cannot turn head side to side against resistance.
What are the abnormal findings when testing cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal)?
protruded tongue is not symmetrical, tremors, atrophy. Tongue does not move up towards nose or
down towards chin, test tongue strength with index finger when tongue is pressed against the cheek
(weakness), evaluate lingual speech (l, t, d, n).
How do you evaluate proprioception?
through coordination, fine motor skills, and balance.
What are some proprioception coordination tests?
rapid rhythmic alternating movements such as thumb to fingers as quickly as possible , the finger-to-
nose test, and the heel-to-skin test.
How is balance evaluated?
, with the Romberg test, fast recovery of balance when shoved, eyes closed standing on one foot,
hopping in place on one foot then the other.
What is the Romberg test?
ask the patient (with eyes open then closed) to stand, feet together and arms at the side. Stand close,
prepared to catch them. Loss of balance is a positive Romberg sign.
What does a positive Romberg sign mean?
indicates cerebellar ataxia, vestibular dysfunction or sensory loss.
What is the cerebellum responsible for?
voluntary movement, sensory information processing, reflexive control of muscle tone, balance, and
posture to produce steady and precise movements.
What are possible differential diagnoses for abnormal cerebellar functioning?
cerebellar ataxia (cerebellitis) affects gait and balance. Can be caused by chicken pox, Epstein- Barr,
and coxsackie viruses.
How do you evaluate sensory function?
evaluate both primary and cortical discriminatory sensation by having the patient identify various
sensory stimuli at the following sites: hands, lower arms, abdomen, feet, and lower legs.
How is each sensory discrimination procedure tested?
with the patient's eyes closed, test side to side.
What are normal findings when testing sensory function?
minimal differences side to side, correct description of sensations (hot/cold/dull/sharp), recognition
of the side of the body tested, location of sensation and whether proximal or distal to the previous
stimuli.
What do abnormal sensory function findings indicate for possible differential diagnoses?
some defects cause sensory loss such as single peripheral nerve, multiple peripheral nerves
(polyneuropathy), multiple spinal nerve roots, complete transverse lesion of the spinal cord, parital
spinal sensory syndrome (Brown-Sequard Syndrome).
How do you test primary sensory functions?
superficial touch, superficial pain, temperature, deep pressure, vibration, and position of joints.
Explain superficial touch.
touch the skin with a cotton wisp or with your fingertip, using light strokes. Over deep pressure or
hairy places.
Explain superficial pain.
alternating the sharp and smooth edges of a broken tongue blade or paper clip, touch the skin in an
unpredictable pattern. Allow 2 seconds between each stimulus to avoid a summative effect. Ask the
patient to identify each sensation as sharp or dull and where it is felt.
