BIO 100 Lab Test 1 quizzes and answers graded A

What is the smallest unit of life? - Cells To which kingdom do single celled organisms with considerable internal complexity belong? - Protista What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? - Prokaryote- has no nucleus (free DNA) Eukaryote- has nucleus List the four steps in the scientific method. - Observe--Hypothesize-- Test-- Interpret Formulate a hypothesis for determining the beneficial effect of a nutritional substance. - If a substance has a higher caloric intake then more energy will be provided. Define dependent and independent variable. - dependent: the outcome based on the variable we controlled independent variable: the one we control/manipulate, variable being tested List three criteria for judging the reliability of a scientific report. - Logical, observational, and Emperical List the four major groups of macromolecules and their basic structural units. - Proteins: formed by amino acids (enzymes, muscles, hair) (monomers-- polymers) Carbohydrates: are made of glucose molecules (sugar, starch, chips) Lipids: formed by fatty acids (fats, oils, cholesterol, cell membrane) Nucleic Acids: consist of nucleotides (RNA, DNA) What is the principal function of carbohydrates? - storage of energy (starch, glycogen) and they are also part of the structural component (cellulose in plants and chitin in animals). Carbohydrates are the most common source of biochemical energy. Name three cellular structures. - mitochondria, cell membrane, nucleus, golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, cell wall, chloroplasts, ribosomes, cytoplasm Determine the composition of the following "unknown" substance that produced the results below with the listed reagents: Iodine (reagent) light orangish brown (color) - (reaction yes/no?) Yes Biuret (reagent) clear blue (color) - (reaction yes/no?) No Benedict's (reagent) orange and cloudy (color) - (reaction yes/no?)Yes List the five kingdoms of life. - Monera (Bacteria Domain- Prokaryote) are single celled organisms that don't have a nucleus. Protista (Eukarya) are single celled organisms that do have a nucleus. Fungi (Eukarya) are usually motionless organisms that absorb nutrients for survival. Plantae (Eukarya) contain chlorophyll, a green pigment necessary for photosynthesis, a process in which plants convert energy from sunlight into food. Animalae (Eukarya) are the most complex organisms on Earth. Animals are multi-celled organisms, eat food for survival, and have nervous systems. They are divided into vertebrates and invertebrates.