a)
17 Jul 91
50 000 ppl went to Champ de Mars to sign a republican petition.
The Commune, under pressure from the NCA, declared martial law & sent
Lafayette w the National Guard.
NA
b)
Fired on the crowd & killed 50.
Champ de Mars Massacre Divisive - cost the NCA & National Guard a lot of trust from the ppl but
messages of support for the NCA also poured in from the provinces.
a) General details [4] 18 Jul 91 – NCA criticised the protesters & began supressing radical
newspapers, banning seditious meetings, etc.
b) Importance [6]
Led to the NCA reorganising the National Guard.
1st bloody clash in the 3rd E
c) Counters [1] Martial law remained for 1 month – popular leaders (Marat, Danton, etc)
were arrested or fled.
Gave the moderates (Feuillants) a chance to negotiate a compromise w the
King.
c)
Didn’t massively impact the ppl’s view of the King.
a)
Active citizenship gave ppl a say in how the gov was run, which aligned w the
Dec of Human Rights & the idea of natural laws.
Aug decrees satisfied many cahiers.
Voting system favoured the bourgeoisie, restricted the sans culottes. (not
radical)
NCA
Intro of active vs passive citizenship added a new divide (not radical)
Abolition of feudal ties wasn’t absolute – peasants had to buy their way out. (not
Administrative reforms radical)
o This led to many rural riots esp in Brittany.
a) Successful [=2, =4] b)
Departments, communes, & cantons were a modern system
b) Radical [=3, =2] Intro of active citizens & elections was diff from the previous system of an
absolute monarchy – decentralised power that had always belonged to the crown.
c) Far reaching [=1, =1]
Massive social change w the Aug decrees abolishing the 3 Estates.
Provinces existed before departments
Intro of voting system & decentralisation was gradual – started w the assembly
of notables
c)
Affected all 83 departments
Women couldn’t vote
a)
Taxation made fairer & the tax burden on the poorest was
lightened (e.g. most indirect taxes were abolished by 91)
o This was in line w many cahiers.
Sale of church land helped raise money for the gov & helped
NCA >1mill peasants become smallholders.
Inefficient tax farming system abolished. (radical)
Taxation & finance reforms Peasants protested against church land being sold in big plots.
b)
a) Successful [=4, =1] Old traditional taxes (gabelle, taille, etc) were abolished.
b) Radical [=2, =2]
Ended long accepted taxation privileges.
Most reforms had been recommended for decades by previous
c) Far reaching [=1, =1] ministers, clergy, & nobles.
New taxes weren’t that diff from the old ones.
c)
Affected all regions & estates
Church land was sold in large plots, so it was diff for peasants to
buy land.
a)
No_ of peasant smallholders incr by 1 mill between 1789-1810.
Made the church seem more pure w/o its property & rich higher clergy.
Nationalisation & selling of Church land (& intro of assignats) in Nov 89 helped
gov finances.
o 25% of land in Nord was sold by 99.
NCA Didn’t achieve the aim of aligning the church w the new system - instead created
a split in the church (refractory vs constitutional) & rev, leading to more emigres &
Church Reforms more counter rev activity. (radical)
o Only 1/3 of the clergy swore the oath
a) Successful [=3, =2] b)
Long held superiority of the church undermined (most of France was Catholic)
b) Radical [=2, =1]
Traditions such as tithes, annates, & don gratuity abolished in Aug 89
Civil Constitution of the Clergy in Nov 90 put God below the gov
c) Far reaching [=1, =2] Most poor parish priests agreed w the changes as they expected the gov to pay
them better than the church.
c)
Most of France was Catholic, so it affected all the Estates (incl the Clergy)
No direct effect on the 2nd & 3rd Estate b/c reforms weren’t directed @ them.
Aside from tithes & selling of church land, little economic impact on the other
Estates.
, a)
Freed economic activity, which improved the situation –
internal tariffs abolished in Oct 90 to create a national market,
free trade in grain, removed price restrictions.
Abolished guilds in 91, which removed restrictions &
NCA privileges around employment.
Le Chapelier Law (Jun 91) protected manufacturers from
Economic Reforms the pressure of organised workers.
o But made urban workers worse off.
a) Successful [=2, =3] Nearly 2mill still had to beg to support themselves.
b) Radical [=1, =1] b)
Abolished traditional institutions such as guilds, internal
tariffs, etc.
High control (Le Chapelier Law, restrictions on the no_ of
ppl per profession, etc) wasn’t v diff from the previous system
under an absolute monarchy.
Issues on 26 Aug 89, it contained the principles that the
constitution should be based upon – i.e. informed the
contents of the Consti.
o This means it contributed to the Flight to
Varennes.
Would go on to outlast the constitution to which it was
France – Revolution NCA attached – showed that the ppl came to value the
Significance of the Declaration of the
declaration more than the monarchy.
Further undermined the authority of the crown as it said
rights of Man & the Citizen that sovereignty lay w the ppl.
Provided more equality as it called for taxation to be
[=6, =1] borne by all in proportion to their means.
Further dismantled the 3-tiered system of the ancien
regime as it said that ‘all men are born free & equal in
rights.’
o The August Decrees had already ended
feudalism.
Started the process of dismantling the Ancien Regime by ending
privilege & feudalism.
Paved the way for the declaration of rights & constitution.
Incr enthusiasm for a constitutional monarchy.
o Introduction of meritocracy helped the bourgeoisie.
o Ending of feudalism & intro of universal tax gained peasant
France – NCA support.
Replaced the provincial estates w a national system – helped
Significance of the August Decrees (4 Aug create a unified legal code (equality before the law) & tax system
1789)
(benefited gov finances).
Weakened the authority of the Church by abolishing Tithes.
[=8, =2] Indirectly led to the October Days as Louis XVI didn’t accept the
end of privilege for ‘my nobility & clergy’ & summoned the loyal
Flanders regime to Versailles.
o The main cause of the October Days was the food
shortages in Paris.
Did not significantly weaken the authority of Louis XVI in any way
as no limitations were yet placed on his power.
17 Jul 91
50 000 ppl went to Champ de Mars to sign a republican petition.
The Commune, under pressure from the NCA, declared martial law & sent
Lafayette w the National Guard.
NA
b)
Fired on the crowd & killed 50.
Champ de Mars Massacre Divisive - cost the NCA & National Guard a lot of trust from the ppl but
messages of support for the NCA also poured in from the provinces.
a) General details [4] 18 Jul 91 – NCA criticised the protesters & began supressing radical
newspapers, banning seditious meetings, etc.
b) Importance [6]
Led to the NCA reorganising the National Guard.
1st bloody clash in the 3rd E
c) Counters [1] Martial law remained for 1 month – popular leaders (Marat, Danton, etc)
were arrested or fled.
Gave the moderates (Feuillants) a chance to negotiate a compromise w the
King.
c)
Didn’t massively impact the ppl’s view of the King.
a)
Active citizenship gave ppl a say in how the gov was run, which aligned w the
Dec of Human Rights & the idea of natural laws.
Aug decrees satisfied many cahiers.
Voting system favoured the bourgeoisie, restricted the sans culottes. (not
radical)
NCA
Intro of active vs passive citizenship added a new divide (not radical)
Abolition of feudal ties wasn’t absolute – peasants had to buy their way out. (not
Administrative reforms radical)
o This led to many rural riots esp in Brittany.
a) Successful [=2, =4] b)
Departments, communes, & cantons were a modern system
b) Radical [=3, =2] Intro of active citizens & elections was diff from the previous system of an
absolute monarchy – decentralised power that had always belonged to the crown.
c) Far reaching [=1, =1]
Massive social change w the Aug decrees abolishing the 3 Estates.
Provinces existed before departments
Intro of voting system & decentralisation was gradual – started w the assembly
of notables
c)
Affected all 83 departments
Women couldn’t vote
a)
Taxation made fairer & the tax burden on the poorest was
lightened (e.g. most indirect taxes were abolished by 91)
o This was in line w many cahiers.
Sale of church land helped raise money for the gov & helped
NCA >1mill peasants become smallholders.
Inefficient tax farming system abolished. (radical)
Taxation & finance reforms Peasants protested against church land being sold in big plots.
b)
a) Successful [=4, =1] Old traditional taxes (gabelle, taille, etc) were abolished.
b) Radical [=2, =2]
Ended long accepted taxation privileges.
Most reforms had been recommended for decades by previous
c) Far reaching [=1, =1] ministers, clergy, & nobles.
New taxes weren’t that diff from the old ones.
c)
Affected all regions & estates
Church land was sold in large plots, so it was diff for peasants to
buy land.
a)
No_ of peasant smallholders incr by 1 mill between 1789-1810.
Made the church seem more pure w/o its property & rich higher clergy.
Nationalisation & selling of Church land (& intro of assignats) in Nov 89 helped
gov finances.
o 25% of land in Nord was sold by 99.
NCA Didn’t achieve the aim of aligning the church w the new system - instead created
a split in the church (refractory vs constitutional) & rev, leading to more emigres &
Church Reforms more counter rev activity. (radical)
o Only 1/3 of the clergy swore the oath
a) Successful [=3, =2] b)
Long held superiority of the church undermined (most of France was Catholic)
b) Radical [=2, =1]
Traditions such as tithes, annates, & don gratuity abolished in Aug 89
Civil Constitution of the Clergy in Nov 90 put God below the gov
c) Far reaching [=1, =2] Most poor parish priests agreed w the changes as they expected the gov to pay
them better than the church.
c)
Most of France was Catholic, so it affected all the Estates (incl the Clergy)
No direct effect on the 2nd & 3rd Estate b/c reforms weren’t directed @ them.
Aside from tithes & selling of church land, little economic impact on the other
Estates.
, a)
Freed economic activity, which improved the situation –
internal tariffs abolished in Oct 90 to create a national market,
free trade in grain, removed price restrictions.
Abolished guilds in 91, which removed restrictions &
NCA privileges around employment.
Le Chapelier Law (Jun 91) protected manufacturers from
Economic Reforms the pressure of organised workers.
o But made urban workers worse off.
a) Successful [=2, =3] Nearly 2mill still had to beg to support themselves.
b) Radical [=1, =1] b)
Abolished traditional institutions such as guilds, internal
tariffs, etc.
High control (Le Chapelier Law, restrictions on the no_ of
ppl per profession, etc) wasn’t v diff from the previous system
under an absolute monarchy.
Issues on 26 Aug 89, it contained the principles that the
constitution should be based upon – i.e. informed the
contents of the Consti.
o This means it contributed to the Flight to
Varennes.
Would go on to outlast the constitution to which it was
France – Revolution NCA attached – showed that the ppl came to value the
Significance of the Declaration of the
declaration more than the monarchy.
Further undermined the authority of the crown as it said
rights of Man & the Citizen that sovereignty lay w the ppl.
Provided more equality as it called for taxation to be
[=6, =1] borne by all in proportion to their means.
Further dismantled the 3-tiered system of the ancien
regime as it said that ‘all men are born free & equal in
rights.’
o The August Decrees had already ended
feudalism.
Started the process of dismantling the Ancien Regime by ending
privilege & feudalism.
Paved the way for the declaration of rights & constitution.
Incr enthusiasm for a constitutional monarchy.
o Introduction of meritocracy helped the bourgeoisie.
o Ending of feudalism & intro of universal tax gained peasant
France – NCA support.
Replaced the provincial estates w a national system – helped
Significance of the August Decrees (4 Aug create a unified legal code (equality before the law) & tax system
1789)
(benefited gov finances).
Weakened the authority of the Church by abolishing Tithes.
[=8, =2] Indirectly led to the October Days as Louis XVI didn’t accept the
end of privilege for ‘my nobility & clergy’ & summoned the loyal
Flanders regime to Versailles.
o The main cause of the October Days was the food
shortages in Paris.
Did not significantly weaken the authority of Louis XVI in any way
as no limitations were yet placed on his power.
