ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED AND GRADED A+ LATEST
UPDATE
Sternocleidomastoid
The sternocleidomastoid muscle is a two-headed neck muscle, which true to its name
bears attachments to the manubrium of sternum (sterno-), the clavicle (-cleido-), and the
mastoid process of the temporal bone (-mastoid). Flexes neck ; rotates head.
pectoralis major
The pectoralis major (from Latin pectus, meaning 'breast') is a thick, fan-shaped
muscle, situated at the chest of the human body. It makes up the bulk of the chest
muscles and lies under the breast. Adducts and flexes humerus.
rectus abdominis
The rectus abdominis muscle is located in the front of the body, beginning at the
pubic bone and ending at the sternum. It is located inside the abdominal region. Better
known as the "abs".
external/internal oblique
External/internal abdominal oblique is a paired muscle located on the lateral sides of
the abdominal wall. Along with internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis, it
comprises the lateral abdominal muscles. In a broader picture, these muscles make
up the anterolateral abdominal wall together with two anterior abdominal muscles;
the rectus abdominis and pyramidalis. Flexes and rotates vertebral column
Trapezius
The trapezius muscle is a large, triangular, paired muscle located on the posterior
aspect of the neck and thorax. When viewed together, this pair forms a diamond or
trapezoid shape, hence its name. The trapezius has many attachment points, extending
from the skull and vertebral column to the shoulder girdle. Elevates, depresses, retracts,
and rotates the scapula; rotates the arm
, biceps brachii
The biceps brachii muscle is one of the chief muscles of the arm. The origin at the
scapula and the insertion into the radius of the biceps brachii means it can act on both
the shoulder joint and the elbow joint, which is why this muscle participates in a few
movements of the arm. Flexes elbow and supinates forearm.
pronator teres
Pronator teres is a fusiform muscle found in the anterior forearm. It belongs to the
group of superficial flexors of the forearm, together with flexor carpi radialis, palmaris
longus, flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor carpi ulnaris muscles. Pronator teres is
the most lateral muscle of this group. It is composed of two heads named after the
bones from which they originate;
Humeral head that arises from the distal aspect of humerus
Ulnar head that arises from coronoid process of ulna
The main action of pronator teres is the pronation of the forearm, while it also
contributes to the flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint.
serratus anterior
The serratus anterior muscle is a fan-shaped muscle at the lateral wall of the thorax.
Its main part lies deep under the scapula and the pectoral muscles. Protracts scapula
Deltoid
The deltoid is a thick, triangular shoulder muscle. It gets its name because of its
similar shape to the Greek letter ‘delta’ (Δ). The muscle has a wide origin spanning
the clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula. It passes inferiorly surrounding
the glenohumeral joint on all sides and inserts onto the humerus. Abducts arm.
latissimus dorsi
The latissimus dorsi muscle (AKA: 'the lats muscle' or 'the lats') is the widest muscle
in the human body. It is relatively thin and covers almost all back muscles at the
posterior trunk, except the trapezius. Along with the levator scapulae, trapezius
and rhomboid muscles, the latissimus dorsi belongs to the superficial layer of the
extrinsic back muscles. Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm; draws the
shoulder downward and backward. Extends and adducts humerus.
Sartorius
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED AND GRADED A+ LATEST
UPDATE
Sternocleidomastoid
The sternocleidomastoid muscle is a two-headed neck muscle, which true to its name
bears attachments to the manubrium of sternum (sterno-), the clavicle (-cleido-), and the
mastoid process of the temporal bone (-mastoid). Flexes neck ; rotates head.
pectoralis major
The pectoralis major (from Latin pectus, meaning 'breast') is a thick, fan-shaped
muscle, situated at the chest of the human body. It makes up the bulk of the chest
muscles and lies under the breast. Adducts and flexes humerus.
rectus abdominis
The rectus abdominis muscle is located in the front of the body, beginning at the
pubic bone and ending at the sternum. It is located inside the abdominal region. Better
known as the "abs".
external/internal oblique
External/internal abdominal oblique is a paired muscle located on the lateral sides of
the abdominal wall. Along with internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis, it
comprises the lateral abdominal muscles. In a broader picture, these muscles make
up the anterolateral abdominal wall together with two anterior abdominal muscles;
the rectus abdominis and pyramidalis. Flexes and rotates vertebral column
Trapezius
The trapezius muscle is a large, triangular, paired muscle located on the posterior
aspect of the neck and thorax. When viewed together, this pair forms a diamond or
trapezoid shape, hence its name. The trapezius has many attachment points, extending
from the skull and vertebral column to the shoulder girdle. Elevates, depresses, retracts,
and rotates the scapula; rotates the arm
, biceps brachii
The biceps brachii muscle is one of the chief muscles of the arm. The origin at the
scapula and the insertion into the radius of the biceps brachii means it can act on both
the shoulder joint and the elbow joint, which is why this muscle participates in a few
movements of the arm. Flexes elbow and supinates forearm.
pronator teres
Pronator teres is a fusiform muscle found in the anterior forearm. It belongs to the
group of superficial flexors of the forearm, together with flexor carpi radialis, palmaris
longus, flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor carpi ulnaris muscles. Pronator teres is
the most lateral muscle of this group. It is composed of two heads named after the
bones from which they originate;
Humeral head that arises from the distal aspect of humerus
Ulnar head that arises from coronoid process of ulna
The main action of pronator teres is the pronation of the forearm, while it also
contributes to the flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint.
serratus anterior
The serratus anterior muscle is a fan-shaped muscle at the lateral wall of the thorax.
Its main part lies deep under the scapula and the pectoral muscles. Protracts scapula
Deltoid
The deltoid is a thick, triangular shoulder muscle. It gets its name because of its
similar shape to the Greek letter ‘delta’ (Δ). The muscle has a wide origin spanning
the clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula. It passes inferiorly surrounding
the glenohumeral joint on all sides and inserts onto the humerus. Abducts arm.
latissimus dorsi
The latissimus dorsi muscle (AKA: 'the lats muscle' or 'the lats') is the widest muscle
in the human body. It is relatively thin and covers almost all back muscles at the
posterior trunk, except the trapezius. Along with the levator scapulae, trapezius
and rhomboid muscles, the latissimus dorsi belongs to the superficial layer of the
extrinsic back muscles. Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm; draws the
shoulder downward and backward. Extends and adducts humerus.
Sartorius
