ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADE A+ LATEST UPDATE 2024/2025
main functions of respiratory system
- Extract Oxygen from atmosphere and transfer to the blood
- Excrete Water Vapour and CO2
- Ventilate Lungs
Inspired Air Components
O2 - 21%
N2 - 78%
CO2 - 0.04%
Water Vapour - Variable
Expired Air Components
O2 - 16%
N2 - 78%
CO2 - 4%
Water Vapour - Variable
Name the 4 sinuses
frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal, sphenoid
Function of the nose
Warms air we breathe in
Filters air
Humidifcation
How many tonsils do we have?
5
What do tonsils do?
Positioned to participate in immune responses
Name the 3 parts of the Pharynx in order (top to bottom)
,Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Functions of the pharynx
-passage for food
-passage for air
-sound production
- houses tonsils
How long is the Pharynx
12 - 14 cm
Where does the pharynx extend from and to?
From behind nasal cavity to cricoid cartilage of Larynx
Where do the Pharyngeal tonsils lie?
Upper part of the Nasopharynx
Where do the Palatine & Lingual Tonsils lie?
Oropharynx
What does the larynx connect?
laryngopharynx to trachea
What are the 3 single cartilages of the larynx?
Thyroid, Epiglottis & Cricoid
What is the paired cartilage of the Larynx called?
Arytenoid
Functions of the larynx?
-Production of Sound
- Protects Lower Respiratory Tract during Swallowing
- Provide passageway for air
- Continues process of humidifying, filtering & warming air
What is the epiglottis?
a flap that flips down to cover the entry to the trachea during swallowing (leaf shaped)
What is the thyroid cartilage?
, Forms anterior wall of Larynx & gives prominence
Connected to hyoid bone by Thryrohyoid membrane
Smaller space between Vocal Cords?
Higher Pitched
Larger space between vocal cords?
Lower Pitched
The space between the vocal cords is called the:
Glottis
structure of trachea
10 - 11 cm long. Composed of 16 - 20 incomplete "C" shaped rings of cartilage
What are cilia?
These are hair-like appendages which wave back and fourth pushing along secretions
or particles.
Where does the trachea end?
carina (T5)
functions of the trachea
Support and Patency
Mucociliary Escalator (Using Cilia)
Cough Reflex
Warming, humidifying and filtering air
the bronchial tree
Trachea
Carina
Bronchus
Bronchial
Bronchioles
Aveolar Ducts
Aveoli
Where are gases exchanged in the lungs?
alveoli
The right lung has how many lobes?
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADE A+ LATEST UPDATE 2024/2025
main functions of respiratory system
- Extract Oxygen from atmosphere and transfer to the blood
- Excrete Water Vapour and CO2
- Ventilate Lungs
Inspired Air Components
O2 - 21%
N2 - 78%
CO2 - 0.04%
Water Vapour - Variable
Expired Air Components
O2 - 16%
N2 - 78%
CO2 - 4%
Water Vapour - Variable
Name the 4 sinuses
frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal, sphenoid
Function of the nose
Warms air we breathe in
Filters air
Humidifcation
How many tonsils do we have?
5
What do tonsils do?
Positioned to participate in immune responses
Name the 3 parts of the Pharynx in order (top to bottom)
,Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Functions of the pharynx
-passage for food
-passage for air
-sound production
- houses tonsils
How long is the Pharynx
12 - 14 cm
Where does the pharynx extend from and to?
From behind nasal cavity to cricoid cartilage of Larynx
Where do the Pharyngeal tonsils lie?
Upper part of the Nasopharynx
Where do the Palatine & Lingual Tonsils lie?
Oropharynx
What does the larynx connect?
laryngopharynx to trachea
What are the 3 single cartilages of the larynx?
Thyroid, Epiglottis & Cricoid
What is the paired cartilage of the Larynx called?
Arytenoid
Functions of the larynx?
-Production of Sound
- Protects Lower Respiratory Tract during Swallowing
- Provide passageway for air
- Continues process of humidifying, filtering & warming air
What is the epiglottis?
a flap that flips down to cover the entry to the trachea during swallowing (leaf shaped)
What is the thyroid cartilage?
, Forms anterior wall of Larynx & gives prominence
Connected to hyoid bone by Thryrohyoid membrane
Smaller space between Vocal Cords?
Higher Pitched
Larger space between vocal cords?
Lower Pitched
The space between the vocal cords is called the:
Glottis
structure of trachea
10 - 11 cm long. Composed of 16 - 20 incomplete "C" shaped rings of cartilage
What are cilia?
These are hair-like appendages which wave back and fourth pushing along secretions
or particles.
Where does the trachea end?
carina (T5)
functions of the trachea
Support and Patency
Mucociliary Escalator (Using Cilia)
Cough Reflex
Warming, humidifying and filtering air
the bronchial tree
Trachea
Carina
Bronchus
Bronchial
Bronchioles
Aveolar Ducts
Aveoli
Where are gases exchanged in the lungs?
alveoli
The right lung has how many lobes?
