HESI ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
homeostasis
body's maintenance of a stable environment
receptors
molecule or cell that provides information about the environment
control center (and set point)
indicates correct value (e.g. body temp)
effectors
What elicits a response that alters conditions within the body's internal environment.
(e.g. muscles and glands)
negative feedback
When receptors measure deviations from the set point, effectors are activated and
conditions are returned toward the set point and effectors gradually shut off. This
movement toward homeostasis and balance is called .........
positive feedback
Homeostatic mechanisms that function when changes byeffectors move the body away
from normal conditions, causing more changes, is called...... (examples are blood
clotting and labor contractions)
organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism
Levels of organization
organelle
Cell components that perform a specific function
cells
Basic unit of structure and function
tissues
Groups of cells organized into layers or masses that have specific functions
organs
Structures that perform a specialized function (comprised of tissues)
,Organ systems
Groups of organs that function together closely
Organism
Comprised of an interacting organ system
superior
above, or closer to the head
inferior
below, or closer to the feet
Anterior (Ventral)
Toward the front
Posterior (Dorsal)
Toward the back
medial
Toward the midline
lateral
Away from the midline (closer to the sides)
Median (saggital) plane
Imaginary vertical line dividing the body into right and left portions
Coronal/Frontal plane
Imaginary vertical line dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions
Transverse (cross-sectional)
Imaginary horizontal line dividing the body into superior and inferior
Dorsal cavities (near the back)
Cranial and spinal cavity
Cranial cavity
Cavity that contains the brain
Spinal cavity (vertebral)
Cavity that contains the spinal cord and vertebrae
orbits, nasal, oral, thoracic, mediastinum, pericardial, pleural, and
abdominopelvic (peritoneal)
Ventral cavities (near the front of the body)
, orbits
Cavity that contains the eyes and associated skeletal muscles and nerves
Nasal cavity
Cavity that is divided into right and left portions by the nasal septum; air-filled sphenoid
and frontal sinuses
Oral cavity
Cavity that contains the teeth and tongue
thoracic cavity
Cavity that contains the lungs (chest cavity)
Mediastinum
Space between the lungs that contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus
Pericardial cavity
Potential space between the visceral pericardium and the parietal pericardium
middle ear cavities
Cavity containing the incus, malleus, stapes
Pleural cavities (lungs)
Cavities (right and left) that are the potential space between the parietal and visceral
pleural membranes
Abdominopelvic cavity
Cavity that extends from the diaphragm to the floor of the pelvis; includes stomach,
liver, spleen, gallbladder, small and large intestines, urinary bladder, and reproductive
organs
Peritoneal cavity
Cavity that is the potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneal
membranes
Pleural membranes (parietal is the outside layer that lines the cavity, visceral is
the inside layer, covering the lung)
Body cavity membrane: which is a serous membrane that lines the lungs
Pericardial (parietal is the outside layer which lines the mediastinum, visceral is
the inside layer, covering the heart)
Body cavity membrane: which serous membrane lines the heart?
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
homeostasis
body's maintenance of a stable environment
receptors
molecule or cell that provides information about the environment
control center (and set point)
indicates correct value (e.g. body temp)
effectors
What elicits a response that alters conditions within the body's internal environment.
(e.g. muscles and glands)
negative feedback
When receptors measure deviations from the set point, effectors are activated and
conditions are returned toward the set point and effectors gradually shut off. This
movement toward homeostasis and balance is called .........
positive feedback
Homeostatic mechanisms that function when changes byeffectors move the body away
from normal conditions, causing more changes, is called...... (examples are blood
clotting and labor contractions)
organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism
Levels of organization
organelle
Cell components that perform a specific function
cells
Basic unit of structure and function
tissues
Groups of cells organized into layers or masses that have specific functions
organs
Structures that perform a specialized function (comprised of tissues)
,Organ systems
Groups of organs that function together closely
Organism
Comprised of an interacting organ system
superior
above, or closer to the head
inferior
below, or closer to the feet
Anterior (Ventral)
Toward the front
Posterior (Dorsal)
Toward the back
medial
Toward the midline
lateral
Away from the midline (closer to the sides)
Median (saggital) plane
Imaginary vertical line dividing the body into right and left portions
Coronal/Frontal plane
Imaginary vertical line dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions
Transverse (cross-sectional)
Imaginary horizontal line dividing the body into superior and inferior
Dorsal cavities (near the back)
Cranial and spinal cavity
Cranial cavity
Cavity that contains the brain
Spinal cavity (vertebral)
Cavity that contains the spinal cord and vertebrae
orbits, nasal, oral, thoracic, mediastinum, pericardial, pleural, and
abdominopelvic (peritoneal)
Ventral cavities (near the front of the body)
, orbits
Cavity that contains the eyes and associated skeletal muscles and nerves
Nasal cavity
Cavity that is divided into right and left portions by the nasal septum; air-filled sphenoid
and frontal sinuses
Oral cavity
Cavity that contains the teeth and tongue
thoracic cavity
Cavity that contains the lungs (chest cavity)
Mediastinum
Space between the lungs that contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus
Pericardial cavity
Potential space between the visceral pericardium and the parietal pericardium
middle ear cavities
Cavity containing the incus, malleus, stapes
Pleural cavities (lungs)
Cavities (right and left) that are the potential space between the parietal and visceral
pleural membranes
Abdominopelvic cavity
Cavity that extends from the diaphragm to the floor of the pelvis; includes stomach,
liver, spleen, gallbladder, small and large intestines, urinary bladder, and reproductive
organs
Peritoneal cavity
Cavity that is the potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneal
membranes
Pleural membranes (parietal is the outside layer that lines the cavity, visceral is
the inside layer, covering the lung)
Body cavity membrane: which is a serous membrane that lines the lungs
Pericardial (parietal is the outside layer which lines the mediastinum, visceral is
the inside layer, covering the heart)
Body cavity membrane: which serous membrane lines the heart?
