NERVOUS SYSTEM ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY, ANATOMY
AND PHYSIOLOGY, NERVOUS SYSTEM, NERVOUS SYSTEM
PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
100% ANSWERS
spinal cord
a long, thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support cells that extends from the
medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column
cerebellum
a major feature of the hindbrain responsible for body movements and balance
cerebrum
the principal and most anterior part of the brain in vertebrates, located in the front area
of the skull and consisting of two hemispheres, left and right, separated by a fissure
midbrain
relays sensory and motor impulses; serves important functions in motor movement,
particularly movements of the eye, and in auditory and visual processing.
pons
part of the brain stem, assists with regulation of breathing
medulla oblongata
part of brain stem, regulates heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing, and controls the
reflexes of coughing, sneezing, and vomiting
pituitary gland
,a pea-sized structure located at the base of the brain, just below the hypothalamus, to
which it is attached via nerve fibers. It is part of the endocrine system and produces
critical hormones, which are chemical substances that control various bodily functions
hypothalamus
lower portion of diencephalon which acts as an autonomic center regulating
metabolism, heart rate, blood pressure, thirst, hunger, energy level, and body
temperature
thalamus
middle portion of diencephalon which relays sensory impulses up to the sensory cortex
(aka the cerebrum); regulates sleep and consciousness
epithalamus
upper portion of diencephalon that regulates hormones secreted by the pineal gland.
The pineal gland produces melatonin, a serotonin derived hormone which modulates
sleep patterns
striatum
structure lying at the base of the forebrain which is a critical component of the motor
and reward systems. Coordinates decision-making, motivation, and reinforcement.
corpus callosum
a thick band of nerve fibers that divides the cerebral cortex lobes into left and right
hemispheres and acts as the connection between the two.
meninges
three layers of protective tissue between the brain and skull
frontal lobe
, cerebrum lobe responsible for memory, intelligence, behavior, emotions, motor function,
and smell
occipital lobe
cerebrum lobe responsible for vision and speech
parietal lobe
lobe responsible for somatic sensations (pain, touch, temperature perception), and
speech
temporal lobe
lobe responsible for hearing, smell, memory, speech, and emotion
brain stem
Portion of brain that contains the pons, medulla oblongata, and the beginning of the
spinal cord, controls the flow of messages between the brain and the rest of the body,
and it also controls basic body functions
Broca's area
area on left frontal lobe responsible for tongue and lip movements
primary motor cortex
area in frontal lobe responsible for sending impulses to muscles
primary somatic sensory cortex
area in parietal lobe responsible for interpreting sensory impulses from the body
dura mater
outermost meninges layer
arachnoid mater
middle meninges layer
AND PHYSIOLOGY, NERVOUS SYSTEM, NERVOUS SYSTEM
PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
100% ANSWERS
spinal cord
a long, thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support cells that extends from the
medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column
cerebellum
a major feature of the hindbrain responsible for body movements and balance
cerebrum
the principal and most anterior part of the brain in vertebrates, located in the front area
of the skull and consisting of two hemispheres, left and right, separated by a fissure
midbrain
relays sensory and motor impulses; serves important functions in motor movement,
particularly movements of the eye, and in auditory and visual processing.
pons
part of the brain stem, assists with regulation of breathing
medulla oblongata
part of brain stem, regulates heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing, and controls the
reflexes of coughing, sneezing, and vomiting
pituitary gland
,a pea-sized structure located at the base of the brain, just below the hypothalamus, to
which it is attached via nerve fibers. It is part of the endocrine system and produces
critical hormones, which are chemical substances that control various bodily functions
hypothalamus
lower portion of diencephalon which acts as an autonomic center regulating
metabolism, heart rate, blood pressure, thirst, hunger, energy level, and body
temperature
thalamus
middle portion of diencephalon which relays sensory impulses up to the sensory cortex
(aka the cerebrum); regulates sleep and consciousness
epithalamus
upper portion of diencephalon that regulates hormones secreted by the pineal gland.
The pineal gland produces melatonin, a serotonin derived hormone which modulates
sleep patterns
striatum
structure lying at the base of the forebrain which is a critical component of the motor
and reward systems. Coordinates decision-making, motivation, and reinforcement.
corpus callosum
a thick band of nerve fibers that divides the cerebral cortex lobes into left and right
hemispheres and acts as the connection between the two.
meninges
three layers of protective tissue between the brain and skull
frontal lobe
, cerebrum lobe responsible for memory, intelligence, behavior, emotions, motor function,
and smell
occipital lobe
cerebrum lobe responsible for vision and speech
parietal lobe
lobe responsible for somatic sensations (pain, touch, temperature perception), and
speech
temporal lobe
lobe responsible for hearing, smell, memory, speech, and emotion
brain stem
Portion of brain that contains the pons, medulla oblongata, and the beginning of the
spinal cord, controls the flow of messages between the brain and the rest of the body,
and it also controls basic body functions
Broca's area
area on left frontal lobe responsible for tongue and lip movements
primary motor cortex
area in frontal lobe responsible for sending impulses to muscles
primary somatic sensory cortex
area in parietal lobe responsible for interpreting sensory impulses from the body
dura mater
outermost meninges layer
arachnoid mater
middle meninges layer
