ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY: THE HEART EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100% VERIFIED
Apex
This is the pointed portion of the heart, which is formed by the left ventricle and rests on
the diaphragm
Pathway of blood
superior and inferior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary
valve, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid
valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, tissues of body
Mediastinum
The cavity located between the lungs and posterior to the sternum in which the heart
and thymus are located
Base
This portion of the heart is opposite of the apex and is the posterior aspect, formed by
the atria
Pericardium
The membrane that surrounds and protects the heart
Epicardium
The visceral layer of the deep serous pericardium which adheres to tightly to the surface
of the heart (D in Picture)
Pericardial Cavity
A space between the epicardium and parietal layer of the deep serous pericardium,
containing millilitres of fluid to protect the membranes from friction (C in Picture)
Myocardium
This layer of the heart is responsible for the "pumping" action of the organ, composed of
cardiac muscle tissue and making up 95% of the heart wall (E in Picture)
Endocardium
, The innermost layer of the heart, containing endothelium overlying a thin layer of
connective tissue, which provides a smooth lining for the chambers of the heart and
covers the valves of the heart (F in Picture)
Atria
The two superior venous receiving chambers of the heart
Ventricles
The two inferior arterial pumping chambers of the heart
Auricle
The wrinkled structure of the exterior portion of each atrium, maximizing the received
volume of blood
Right Atrium
This section of the heart receives blood from three veins:
1. Superior Vena Cava
2. Inferior Vena Cava
3. Coronary Sinus
Interatrial Septum
A partition between the two atria
Tricuspid Valve
This structure is located between the right atrium and right ventricle and is held in place
by papillary muscle and chordae tendinae
Chordae Tendinae
These structures are tendon-like and form cardiac valves
Papillary Muscles
These structures are cone-shaped and thicker versions of chordae tendinae which
connect valves to the myocardium
Pulmonary Valve
Blood passes from the right ventricle through this structure
Pulmonary Veins
Blood vessels from which oxygenated blood enters the heart in the left atrium
Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100% VERIFIED
Apex
This is the pointed portion of the heart, which is formed by the left ventricle and rests on
the diaphragm
Pathway of blood
superior and inferior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary
valve, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid
valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, tissues of body
Mediastinum
The cavity located between the lungs and posterior to the sternum in which the heart
and thymus are located
Base
This portion of the heart is opposite of the apex and is the posterior aspect, formed by
the atria
Pericardium
The membrane that surrounds and protects the heart
Epicardium
The visceral layer of the deep serous pericardium which adheres to tightly to the surface
of the heart (D in Picture)
Pericardial Cavity
A space between the epicardium and parietal layer of the deep serous pericardium,
containing millilitres of fluid to protect the membranes from friction (C in Picture)
Myocardium
This layer of the heart is responsible for the "pumping" action of the organ, composed of
cardiac muscle tissue and making up 95% of the heart wall (E in Picture)
Endocardium
, The innermost layer of the heart, containing endothelium overlying a thin layer of
connective tissue, which provides a smooth lining for the chambers of the heart and
covers the valves of the heart (F in Picture)
Atria
The two superior venous receiving chambers of the heart
Ventricles
The two inferior arterial pumping chambers of the heart
Auricle
The wrinkled structure of the exterior portion of each atrium, maximizing the received
volume of blood
Right Atrium
This section of the heart receives blood from three veins:
1. Superior Vena Cava
2. Inferior Vena Cava
3. Coronary Sinus
Interatrial Septum
A partition between the two atria
Tricuspid Valve
This structure is located between the right atrium and right ventricle and is held in place
by papillary muscle and chordae tendinae
Chordae Tendinae
These structures are tendon-like and form cardiac valves
Papillary Muscles
These structures are cone-shaped and thicker versions of chordae tendinae which
connect valves to the myocardium
Pulmonary Valve
Blood passes from the right ventricle through this structure
Pulmonary Veins
Blood vessels from which oxygenated blood enters the heart in the left atrium
Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve
