ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY CHAPTER 2 EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
What 4 elements make up 96% of all living organisms?
Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
What is oxygen responsible for in an animal's body?
Necessary for cellular energy
What is carbon responsible for in an animal's body?
Primary component of organic molecules
What is hydrogen responsible for in an animal's body?
Component of water and organic molecules, necessary for energy transfer and
respiration
What is nitrogen responsible for in an animal's body?
Component of all proteins and nucleic acid
Atoms
Smallest unit of an element that retains the unique properties of that element
Protons
Positive Charge
Neutrons
Neutral Charge
Electrons
Negative Charge; Tiny particles that remain in constant motion around the nucleus.
Where are protons and neutrons found?
In the nucleus
What do protons and neutrons determine in an atom?
the weight
A typical atom maintains what?
The same number of protons and electrons
Atomic Number
, number of protons
Ion
If an atom loses or gains an electron, then it becomes positively or negatively charged
(=electron)
Isotope
If an atom has a different number of neutrons (=inside)
Rate of Decay
The time rate of disintegration of radioactive material
Electron Shell
Area around the nucleus where the electrons are most likely to be.
Inert
have full electron shells. Ex. Helium and Neon
Molecules
Atoms are joined together by chemical bonds. Are the smallest particle of a substance
that retains the properties of the substance
Covalent Bonds
Bonds formed when atoms share electrons.
May be shared equally or unequally
Polar Water Molecule
Gives molecule a slight positive charge on H side of molecule. Slight negative charge
on O side of molecule
Ionic Bonds
Formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another; Electrostatic
attraction
Cations
Ions with a net positive charge
Anions
Ions with a net negative charge.
Ions are important
contraction of muscle fibers, transmission of nerve impulses, and maintenance of water
balance
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
What 4 elements make up 96% of all living organisms?
Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
What is oxygen responsible for in an animal's body?
Necessary for cellular energy
What is carbon responsible for in an animal's body?
Primary component of organic molecules
What is hydrogen responsible for in an animal's body?
Component of water and organic molecules, necessary for energy transfer and
respiration
What is nitrogen responsible for in an animal's body?
Component of all proteins and nucleic acid
Atoms
Smallest unit of an element that retains the unique properties of that element
Protons
Positive Charge
Neutrons
Neutral Charge
Electrons
Negative Charge; Tiny particles that remain in constant motion around the nucleus.
Where are protons and neutrons found?
In the nucleus
What do protons and neutrons determine in an atom?
the weight
A typical atom maintains what?
The same number of protons and electrons
Atomic Number
, number of protons
Ion
If an atom loses or gains an electron, then it becomes positively or negatively charged
(=electron)
Isotope
If an atom has a different number of neutrons (=inside)
Rate of Decay
The time rate of disintegration of radioactive material
Electron Shell
Area around the nucleus where the electrons are most likely to be.
Inert
have full electron shells. Ex. Helium and Neon
Molecules
Atoms are joined together by chemical bonds. Are the smallest particle of a substance
that retains the properties of the substance
Covalent Bonds
Bonds formed when atoms share electrons.
May be shared equally or unequally
Polar Water Molecule
Gives molecule a slight positive charge on H side of molecule. Slight negative charge
on O side of molecule
Ionic Bonds
Formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another; Electrostatic
attraction
Cations
Ions with a net positive charge
Anions
Ions with a net negative charge.
Ions are important
contraction of muscle fibers, transmission of nerve impulses, and maintenance of water
balance
