RCIS EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Creatinine
>1.5 mg/dL
Kidney function
A chemical waste molecule from muscle metabolism. Produced from creatine the energy in muscles
and filtered by kidneys. High levels warn kidney failure
BUN
7-22 mg/dL
Blood, Urea, Nitrates
Kidney function
>30 = CHF, shock
< 3 = Liver failure
Platelet Count
150,00-450,000 /mcL (micro liters)
Hep B
Most contagious than HC, HA, HIV
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Admin - government department of labor created to assure safe and
healthful working conditions for healthcare workers, such as regulations on blood borne pathogens
Lactic acid in large amts found in coronary sinus
Indicates coronary ischemia
CK-MB
3-6 hr peak
Creating Kinase-MB
Cardiac enzyme marker for MI
Myoglobin 1
1-4 hr onset
Earliest to show
Troponin I
3-12 hr onset of chest pain
24-48 hr peaks
Baseline returned 5-14 days
LDH
3 days, slowest
Leukocytosis -increased number WBC
,Ca++
Calcium (electrolytes)
.8-1.0 mg/L
Hypercalcemia causes Abnormal T wave, extremely wide QRS
Hypocalcemia causes narrow QRS, no T wave, prominent U
Mg++
Magnesium (electrolytes)
1.5-2.5'mEq/L
Heart and nervous system
Hypermag causes weakness, low BP, dyspnea, cardiac arrest
Hypomag causes loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, sleepiness, muscle spasms, seizures.
Cl-
Chloride (electrolyte)
95-105 mEq/L
Hyperchloremia indicates dehydration, Cushing syndrome, kidney disease, CHF, metabolic alkalosis,
respiratory acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Happens when tissues are too basic or alkaline
Respiratory acidosis
Happens when lungs can't remove enough CO2 carbon dioxide from body
AO valve area
CO (L/min) / square root (peak - peak gradient mmHg)
CO / sq root (LV SYS / AO SYS
Peak - Peak gradient = LV sys / AO systole
Peak - Peak Gradient
LV systole - AO systole
AO Flow
CO/(SEP x HR)
Na+
Sodium
135-145
Helps keep fluids in normal balance, key roll in normal nerves and muscle function
Hyponatremia causes confusion, sluggish, could be heart failure, kidney failure, use of diuretics
Hypernatremia involves dehydration, thirsty, confused, muscle twitches
HGB
12-15 g/dL women
14-18 g/dL men
, Hemoglobin protein in rbc carries oxygen to body
Low =anemia
High uncommon
K+ Potassium
3.5-5.5 millimoles per liter mmol/L
K+ chemical electrolyte critical for function of nerve and muscle cells, particularly the heart's electrical
activity
Hypokalemia <3.5
Causes hyperexcitability, SVT, AFib, A flut, A Tach, Trosades
T wave flattened or inversed
U wave prominent, P wave increased amplitude
Causes Trorsades de Pointes
Hyperkalemia > 5.5
Causes bradycardia, cardiac arrest, asystole, V Fib, PEA
Reduces myocardial excitibility
Supressed impulse of SA node
Reduced conduction of AV node and His-Purkinje
Peaked T waves
No P wave or flattened and widened
Bizzare and prolonged QRS
HCT
40% (vol%) women
45% (vol%) men
Hematocrit = Volume percentage of RBC in blood
Used to identify anemia (low) and
polycythemia (high)
erythrocyes or RBC
Erythrocytes
RBC
ACT
Activated Clotting Time
Pre Cath 250-300 sec
Norm is 75-100
Platelets and proteins called coagulation factors are activated in steps to cause blood clotting.
High doses of heparin prevents clots
ACT Sheath removal
150-180 seconds
ACT performed after heparin administered
10 minutes after heparin is administered
PT - Prothrombin Time
> 18 sec
ANSWERS
Creatinine
>1.5 mg/dL
Kidney function
A chemical waste molecule from muscle metabolism. Produced from creatine the energy in muscles
and filtered by kidneys. High levels warn kidney failure
BUN
7-22 mg/dL
Blood, Urea, Nitrates
Kidney function
>30 = CHF, shock
< 3 = Liver failure
Platelet Count
150,00-450,000 /mcL (micro liters)
Hep B
Most contagious than HC, HA, HIV
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Admin - government department of labor created to assure safe and
healthful working conditions for healthcare workers, such as regulations on blood borne pathogens
Lactic acid in large amts found in coronary sinus
Indicates coronary ischemia
CK-MB
3-6 hr peak
Creating Kinase-MB
Cardiac enzyme marker for MI
Myoglobin 1
1-4 hr onset
Earliest to show
Troponin I
3-12 hr onset of chest pain
24-48 hr peaks
Baseline returned 5-14 days
LDH
3 days, slowest
Leukocytosis -increased number WBC
,Ca++
Calcium (electrolytes)
.8-1.0 mg/L
Hypercalcemia causes Abnormal T wave, extremely wide QRS
Hypocalcemia causes narrow QRS, no T wave, prominent U
Mg++
Magnesium (electrolytes)
1.5-2.5'mEq/L
Heart and nervous system
Hypermag causes weakness, low BP, dyspnea, cardiac arrest
Hypomag causes loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, sleepiness, muscle spasms, seizures.
Cl-
Chloride (electrolyte)
95-105 mEq/L
Hyperchloremia indicates dehydration, Cushing syndrome, kidney disease, CHF, metabolic alkalosis,
respiratory acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Happens when tissues are too basic or alkaline
Respiratory acidosis
Happens when lungs can't remove enough CO2 carbon dioxide from body
AO valve area
CO (L/min) / square root (peak - peak gradient mmHg)
CO / sq root (LV SYS / AO SYS
Peak - Peak gradient = LV sys / AO systole
Peak - Peak Gradient
LV systole - AO systole
AO Flow
CO/(SEP x HR)
Na+
Sodium
135-145
Helps keep fluids in normal balance, key roll in normal nerves and muscle function
Hyponatremia causes confusion, sluggish, could be heart failure, kidney failure, use of diuretics
Hypernatremia involves dehydration, thirsty, confused, muscle twitches
HGB
12-15 g/dL women
14-18 g/dL men
, Hemoglobin protein in rbc carries oxygen to body
Low =anemia
High uncommon
K+ Potassium
3.5-5.5 millimoles per liter mmol/L
K+ chemical electrolyte critical for function of nerve and muscle cells, particularly the heart's electrical
activity
Hypokalemia <3.5
Causes hyperexcitability, SVT, AFib, A flut, A Tach, Trosades
T wave flattened or inversed
U wave prominent, P wave increased amplitude
Causes Trorsades de Pointes
Hyperkalemia > 5.5
Causes bradycardia, cardiac arrest, asystole, V Fib, PEA
Reduces myocardial excitibility
Supressed impulse of SA node
Reduced conduction of AV node and His-Purkinje
Peaked T waves
No P wave or flattened and widened
Bizzare and prolonged QRS
HCT
40% (vol%) women
45% (vol%) men
Hematocrit = Volume percentage of RBC in blood
Used to identify anemia (low) and
polycythemia (high)
erythrocyes or RBC
Erythrocytes
RBC
ACT
Activated Clotting Time
Pre Cath 250-300 sec
Norm is 75-100
Platelets and proteins called coagulation factors are activated in steps to cause blood clotting.
High doses of heparin prevents clots
ACT Sheath removal
150-180 seconds
ACT performed after heparin administered
10 minutes after heparin is administered
PT - Prothrombin Time
> 18 sec
