NR 325 - FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
300 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS.
ALREADY GRADED A+
1. BREAST CANCER SCREENING GUIDELINES:
regular screening mammogra- phy starting at age 45 years.
Women aged 45 to 54 years should be screened annually.
Women 55 years and older should transition to biennial screening o
have the opportunity to continue screening annually.
continue screening mammography as long as overall health is good
and life ex- pectancy is 10 years or longer
2. THE BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION:
lie down and place one arm behind the head
use finger pads of three middle fingers of the other hand to
feel for lumps use overlapping dime-sized circular motions to
feel the breast tissue
use three different levels of pressure
up-and-down vertical pattern is
recommended stand in a front a
mirror; examine breasts for:
- shape
- size
- redness/scaliness
- dimpling (skin/nipple)
3. MASTITIS:
inflammation of the breast occurs in up to 10% of postpartum lactating
, mothers 2-4 weeks after birth
4. MASTITIS - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:
warm to touch indurated/painful often unilateral most commonly
caused by staphylococcus aureus
5. BEST TIME TO PERFORM SELF BREAST EXAM (BSE): Perform BSE at
the
end of the menstrual period breast tenderness is less likely to occur
6. RISK FACTORS FOR BREAST CANCER:
- early menarche late menopause
- Age - at or older
than50 yrs hormone
use
- Family history/Genetics
- History of cancer (breast, colon, endometrial, ovarian)
- First full term pregnancy after age
30 nulliparity (never given birth)
- benign breast disease (atypical epithelial
hyperplasia) weight gain/obesity after
menopause
- exposure to ionizing radiation
- alcohol consumption
,7. ADVANTAGE OF FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION (FNA) BIOPSY:
FNA is performed in outpatient settingsresults are available within 24-48 hours
no incision required
8. BREAST LUMPS - ASSESSMENT: *painless* and *fixed* lumps
suggest breast cancer/malignancy
9. HORMONE THERAPY (HT):
*HT has been linked to increased risk for breast cancer*; patient and
HCP must determine whether or not HT therapy is appropriate
*Breast cancer incidence is increased in women using HT*, independent
of other risk factors
HT increases the risk for both non-BRCA-associated cancer and BRCA-
related cancers
10. CLASSIFICATION OF BREAST CANCER:
based on tissue type
based on invasiveness
based on hormone receptor and genetic status
11. CLASSIFICATION OF BREAST CANCER - BASED ON ON TISSUE TYPE: -
Ductal carcinoma (milk ducts)
- Medullary
- Tubular
- Colloid (mucinous)
Lobular carcinoma (milk-producing
glands) Other
- Inflammatory
- Paget's disease
- Phyllodes tumor
12. CLASSIFICATION OF BREAST CANCER - BASED ON INVASIVENESS:
, Non-invasive (In situ)
- ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
- lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)
Invasive (spreads)
- invasive ductal carcinoma
- invasive lobular carcinoma
13. CLASSIFICATION OF BREAST CANCER - BASEDON HORMONE RECEP-
TOR STATUS/GENETIC STATUS:
- *Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Status*
- Estrogen receptor positive
- Estrogen receptor negative
- Progesterone receptor positive
- Progesterone receptor negative
*HER-2 Genetic Status*
- HER-2 positive
- HER-2 negative
14. TRASTUZUMAB (HERCEPTIN) - THERAPEUTIC USE: this Rx is for the
treat-
ment of of tumors that have the HER-2 receptor
15. TRASTUZUMAB (HERCEPTIN) - ADVERSE EFFECT: this Rx can lead to
ventricular dysfunction patient is taught to self-monitor for symptoms of
heart failure
16. TAMOXIFEN (NOLVADEX - THERAPEUTIC USE: this Rx is for the
treatment of estogen-dependent breast tumors in premenopausal
women
17. ESTRADIOL - CAUTION: this Rx will increase the growth of
estrogen-depen- dent tumors
18. RALOXIFENE - THERAPEUTIC USE: this Rx is used to prevent breast
cancer
300 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS.
ALREADY GRADED A+
1. BREAST CANCER SCREENING GUIDELINES:
regular screening mammogra- phy starting at age 45 years.
Women aged 45 to 54 years should be screened annually.
Women 55 years and older should transition to biennial screening o
have the opportunity to continue screening annually.
continue screening mammography as long as overall health is good
and life ex- pectancy is 10 years or longer
2. THE BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION:
lie down and place one arm behind the head
use finger pads of three middle fingers of the other hand to
feel for lumps use overlapping dime-sized circular motions to
feel the breast tissue
use three different levels of pressure
up-and-down vertical pattern is
recommended stand in a front a
mirror; examine breasts for:
- shape
- size
- redness/scaliness
- dimpling (skin/nipple)
3. MASTITIS:
inflammation of the breast occurs in up to 10% of postpartum lactating
, mothers 2-4 weeks after birth
4. MASTITIS - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:
warm to touch indurated/painful often unilateral most commonly
caused by staphylococcus aureus
5. BEST TIME TO PERFORM SELF BREAST EXAM (BSE): Perform BSE at
the
end of the menstrual period breast tenderness is less likely to occur
6. RISK FACTORS FOR BREAST CANCER:
- early menarche late menopause
- Age - at or older
than50 yrs hormone
use
- Family history/Genetics
- History of cancer (breast, colon, endometrial, ovarian)
- First full term pregnancy after age
30 nulliparity (never given birth)
- benign breast disease (atypical epithelial
hyperplasia) weight gain/obesity after
menopause
- exposure to ionizing radiation
- alcohol consumption
,7. ADVANTAGE OF FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION (FNA) BIOPSY:
FNA is performed in outpatient settingsresults are available within 24-48 hours
no incision required
8. BREAST LUMPS - ASSESSMENT: *painless* and *fixed* lumps
suggest breast cancer/malignancy
9. HORMONE THERAPY (HT):
*HT has been linked to increased risk for breast cancer*; patient and
HCP must determine whether or not HT therapy is appropriate
*Breast cancer incidence is increased in women using HT*, independent
of other risk factors
HT increases the risk for both non-BRCA-associated cancer and BRCA-
related cancers
10. CLASSIFICATION OF BREAST CANCER:
based on tissue type
based on invasiveness
based on hormone receptor and genetic status
11. CLASSIFICATION OF BREAST CANCER - BASED ON ON TISSUE TYPE: -
Ductal carcinoma (milk ducts)
- Medullary
- Tubular
- Colloid (mucinous)
Lobular carcinoma (milk-producing
glands) Other
- Inflammatory
- Paget's disease
- Phyllodes tumor
12. CLASSIFICATION OF BREAST CANCER - BASED ON INVASIVENESS:
, Non-invasive (In situ)
- ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
- lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)
Invasive (spreads)
- invasive ductal carcinoma
- invasive lobular carcinoma
13. CLASSIFICATION OF BREAST CANCER - BASEDON HORMONE RECEP-
TOR STATUS/GENETIC STATUS:
- *Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Status*
- Estrogen receptor positive
- Estrogen receptor negative
- Progesterone receptor positive
- Progesterone receptor negative
*HER-2 Genetic Status*
- HER-2 positive
- HER-2 negative
14. TRASTUZUMAB (HERCEPTIN) - THERAPEUTIC USE: this Rx is for the
treat-
ment of of tumors that have the HER-2 receptor
15. TRASTUZUMAB (HERCEPTIN) - ADVERSE EFFECT: this Rx can lead to
ventricular dysfunction patient is taught to self-monitor for symptoms of
heart failure
16. TAMOXIFEN (NOLVADEX - THERAPEUTIC USE: this Rx is for the
treatment of estogen-dependent breast tumors in premenopausal
women
17. ESTRADIOL - CAUTION: this Rx will increase the growth of
estrogen-depen- dent tumors
18. RALOXIFENE - THERAPEUTIC USE: this Rx is used to prevent breast
cancer
