Biology 2201: Unit 3 - Test 2
Circulatory system-✔✔ Carries substances around the body. Both good
things and bad things are carried to where they need to go. Also involved in
immunity.
Pulmonary circulation-✔✔ Takes deoxygenated blood from the heart
through the lungs and to be supplied with oxygen.
Systemic circulation-✔✔ Takes oxygenated blood from the heart to the
body and then back to the heart.
Cardiac circulation-✔✔ Blood circulation throughout the heart.
Atria-✔✔ Collecting chambers. Receives blood from lungs and body,
pump it into ventricles. Right side receives deoxygenated blood from the
body. Left side receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.
Ventricles-✔✔ Thick, muscular chambers that pump blood away from the
heart. Right side pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Left side pumps
blood to the body.
Bicuspid valve-✔✔ Regulates flow between left atria and left ventricle.
Tricuspid valve-✔✔ Regulates flow between right atria and the right
ventricle.
Aortic valve-✔✔ Regulates flow from the left ventricle into the aorta.
Aorta-✔✔ Largest artery of the body. Carries blood from the heart to the
rest of the body.
Septum-✔✔ Muscular wall of the heart that divides it into two halves.
, Pulmonary vein-✔✔ Returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
Only vein in the body to carry oxygenated blood.
Pulmonary artery-✔✔ Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the
lungs. Only artery in the body to carry deoxygenated blood.
Arteries-✔✔ Any blood vessel that carries blood away from the Heart.
Smaller ones are known as arterioles. Are made of three layers. Outer –
connective tissue and elastic fibers. Middle – smooth muscle and elastic
fibers. Inner – single layer of epithelial cells used to reduce friction.
Veins-✔✔ Blood vessels that return blood to the heart. Smaller ones are
known as venules. Contain the same three structural layers as arteries.
Layers are thinner and more flexible.
Capillaries-✔✔ Incredibly small blood vessels that connect the circulatory
system to body tissues. Site of nutrient, gas, and waste exchange. Are one
cell layer thick with an average diameter 8 μm. Small size allows for the
diffusion of nutrients, gas, and wastes.
Sinoatrial node-✔✔ The pacemaker, stimulates both atria by producing an
electrical impulse.
Atrioventricular node-✔✔ Transmits the impulse, causing the two
ventricles to contract.
Plasma-✔✔ Fluid portion of blood. Carries blood cells, nutrients, and
wastes. Clear fluid composed of water, dissolved substances, and proteins.
Has several functions
Red blood cells-✔✔ Erythrocytes. On average, people have between 4.5 –
5.5 million per milliliter of blood. Are specialized for oxygen transport.
Oxygen transport made possible by hemoglobin. Is 45% of our total
blood's volume.
Circulatory system-✔✔ Carries substances around the body. Both good
things and bad things are carried to where they need to go. Also involved in
immunity.
Pulmonary circulation-✔✔ Takes deoxygenated blood from the heart
through the lungs and to be supplied with oxygen.
Systemic circulation-✔✔ Takes oxygenated blood from the heart to the
body and then back to the heart.
Cardiac circulation-✔✔ Blood circulation throughout the heart.
Atria-✔✔ Collecting chambers. Receives blood from lungs and body,
pump it into ventricles. Right side receives deoxygenated blood from the
body. Left side receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.
Ventricles-✔✔ Thick, muscular chambers that pump blood away from the
heart. Right side pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Left side pumps
blood to the body.
Bicuspid valve-✔✔ Regulates flow between left atria and left ventricle.
Tricuspid valve-✔✔ Regulates flow between right atria and the right
ventricle.
Aortic valve-✔✔ Regulates flow from the left ventricle into the aorta.
Aorta-✔✔ Largest artery of the body. Carries blood from the heart to the
rest of the body.
Septum-✔✔ Muscular wall of the heart that divides it into two halves.
, Pulmonary vein-✔✔ Returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
Only vein in the body to carry oxygenated blood.
Pulmonary artery-✔✔ Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the
lungs. Only artery in the body to carry deoxygenated blood.
Arteries-✔✔ Any blood vessel that carries blood away from the Heart.
Smaller ones are known as arterioles. Are made of three layers. Outer –
connective tissue and elastic fibers. Middle – smooth muscle and elastic
fibers. Inner – single layer of epithelial cells used to reduce friction.
Veins-✔✔ Blood vessels that return blood to the heart. Smaller ones are
known as venules. Contain the same three structural layers as arteries.
Layers are thinner and more flexible.
Capillaries-✔✔ Incredibly small blood vessels that connect the circulatory
system to body tissues. Site of nutrient, gas, and waste exchange. Are one
cell layer thick with an average diameter 8 μm. Small size allows for the
diffusion of nutrients, gas, and wastes.
Sinoatrial node-✔✔ The pacemaker, stimulates both atria by producing an
electrical impulse.
Atrioventricular node-✔✔ Transmits the impulse, causing the two
ventricles to contract.
Plasma-✔✔ Fluid portion of blood. Carries blood cells, nutrients, and
wastes. Clear fluid composed of water, dissolved substances, and proteins.
Has several functions
Red blood cells-✔✔ Erythrocytes. On average, people have between 4.5 –
5.5 million per milliliter of blood. Are specialized for oxygen transport.
Oxygen transport made possible by hemoglobin. Is 45% of our total
blood's volume.
