Chapter 45
1) Which of the following is not an accurate statement?
A) Hormones are chemical messengers that travel to target cells through
the circulatory system.
B) Hormones often regulate homeostasis through antagonistic functions.
C) Hormones of the same chemical class usually have the same
✅✅
function.
D) Hormones are often regulated through feedback loops. - -C)
Hormones of the same chemical class usually have the same function.
1) You are dissecting a fish in your biology laboratory section. Your
teaching assistant points out a long oval structure and tells you it is an
endocrine gland. Which of the following would you then know is a true
statement about this structure?
A) It secretes a product that is released through a series of ducts.
B) The gland's product will only interact with receptors on the cell
membrane.
C) The gland's product is lipid soluble.
✅✅
D) The gland produces and secretes its product into the blood. -
-D) The gland produces and secretes its product into the blood.
10) Hormone X activates the cAMP second messenger system in its
target cells. The greatest response by a target cell would come from
________.
A) applying a molecule of hormone X to the extracellular fluid
surrounding the cell
B) injecting a molecule of hormone X into the cytoplasm of the cell
C) applying a molecule of cAMP to the extracellular fluid surrounding the
cell
✅✅
D) injecting a molecule of activated, cAMP-dependent protein kinase into
the cytoplasm of the cell - -A) applying a molecule of hormone X to
the extracellular fluid surrounding the cell
11) When a steroid hormone and a polypeptide hormone exert similar
effects on a population of target cells, then ________.
A) the steroid and polypeptide hormones must use the same
biochemical mechanisms
,B) the steroid and polypeptide hormones must bind to the same receptor
protein
C) the steroid hormones affect the synthesis of effector proteins,
whereas polypeptide hormones activate effector proteins already present
in the cell
D) the steroid hormones affect the activity of certain proteins within the
✅✅
cell, whereas polypeptide hormones directly affect the processing of
mRNA - -C) the steroid hormones affect the synthesis of effector
proteins, whereas polypeptide hormones activate effector proteins
already present in the cell
12) Growth factors are local regulators that ________.
A) are modified fatty acids that stimulate bone and cartilage growth
B) are found on the surface of cancer cells and stimulate abnormal cell
division
C) bind to cell-surface receptors and stimulate growth and development
✅✅
of target cells
D) convey messages between nerve cells - -C) bind to cell-surface
receptors and stimulate growth and development of target cells
13) Steroid and polypeptide hormones typically have in common
________.
A) the building blocks from which they are synthesized
B) their solubility in cell membranes
✅✅
C) their requirement for travel through the bloodstream
D) their reliance on signal transduction in the cell - -C) their
requirement for travel through the bloodstream
14) A cluster of tumor cells that produces and secretes growth factors to
induce surrounding cells to grow and divide is showing which type of
cell-to-cell signaling?
A) autocrine
B) paracrine
✅✅
C) endocrine
D) neuroendocrine - -B) paracrine
, 15) If a portion of the pancreas is surgically removed from a rat and the
rat subsequently loses its appetite, one explanation is that the removed
portion contains cells that secrete a chemical signal that somehow
stimulates appetite. Given this scenario, what type of chemical signaling
is occurring?
A) autocrine
B) paracrine
✅✅
C) endocrine
D) neuroendocrine - -C) endocrine
16) If a biochemist discovers a new molecule, which of the following
pieces of data would allow her to draw the conclusion that the molecule
is a steroid hormone?
I) The molecule is lipid soluble.
II) The molecule is derived from a series of steps beginning with
cholesterol.
III) The molecule acts at a target tissue some distance from where it is
produced.
IV) The molecule uses a transport protein when in an aqueous solution
such as blood.
A) only I and III
B) only II and IV
✅✅-D) I, II, III, and IV
C) only I, III, and IV
D) I, II, III, and IV -
17) Which of the following are similar in structure to cholesterol?
I) estradiol
II) insulin
III) glucocorticoids
IV) testosterone
V) antidiuretic hormone
A) I and II
B) I, II, and III
1) Which of the following is not an accurate statement?
A) Hormones are chemical messengers that travel to target cells through
the circulatory system.
B) Hormones often regulate homeostasis through antagonistic functions.
C) Hormones of the same chemical class usually have the same
✅✅
function.
D) Hormones are often regulated through feedback loops. - -C)
Hormones of the same chemical class usually have the same function.
1) You are dissecting a fish in your biology laboratory section. Your
teaching assistant points out a long oval structure and tells you it is an
endocrine gland. Which of the following would you then know is a true
statement about this structure?
A) It secretes a product that is released through a series of ducts.
B) The gland's product will only interact with receptors on the cell
membrane.
C) The gland's product is lipid soluble.
✅✅
D) The gland produces and secretes its product into the blood. -
-D) The gland produces and secretes its product into the blood.
10) Hormone X activates the cAMP second messenger system in its
target cells. The greatest response by a target cell would come from
________.
A) applying a molecule of hormone X to the extracellular fluid
surrounding the cell
B) injecting a molecule of hormone X into the cytoplasm of the cell
C) applying a molecule of cAMP to the extracellular fluid surrounding the
cell
✅✅
D) injecting a molecule of activated, cAMP-dependent protein kinase into
the cytoplasm of the cell - -A) applying a molecule of hormone X to
the extracellular fluid surrounding the cell
11) When a steroid hormone and a polypeptide hormone exert similar
effects on a population of target cells, then ________.
A) the steroid and polypeptide hormones must use the same
biochemical mechanisms
,B) the steroid and polypeptide hormones must bind to the same receptor
protein
C) the steroid hormones affect the synthesis of effector proteins,
whereas polypeptide hormones activate effector proteins already present
in the cell
D) the steroid hormones affect the activity of certain proteins within the
✅✅
cell, whereas polypeptide hormones directly affect the processing of
mRNA - -C) the steroid hormones affect the synthesis of effector
proteins, whereas polypeptide hormones activate effector proteins
already present in the cell
12) Growth factors are local regulators that ________.
A) are modified fatty acids that stimulate bone and cartilage growth
B) are found on the surface of cancer cells and stimulate abnormal cell
division
C) bind to cell-surface receptors and stimulate growth and development
✅✅
of target cells
D) convey messages between nerve cells - -C) bind to cell-surface
receptors and stimulate growth and development of target cells
13) Steroid and polypeptide hormones typically have in common
________.
A) the building blocks from which they are synthesized
B) their solubility in cell membranes
✅✅
C) their requirement for travel through the bloodstream
D) their reliance on signal transduction in the cell - -C) their
requirement for travel through the bloodstream
14) A cluster of tumor cells that produces and secretes growth factors to
induce surrounding cells to grow and divide is showing which type of
cell-to-cell signaling?
A) autocrine
B) paracrine
✅✅
C) endocrine
D) neuroendocrine - -B) paracrine
, 15) If a portion of the pancreas is surgically removed from a rat and the
rat subsequently loses its appetite, one explanation is that the removed
portion contains cells that secrete a chemical signal that somehow
stimulates appetite. Given this scenario, what type of chemical signaling
is occurring?
A) autocrine
B) paracrine
✅✅
C) endocrine
D) neuroendocrine - -C) endocrine
16) If a biochemist discovers a new molecule, which of the following
pieces of data would allow her to draw the conclusion that the molecule
is a steroid hormone?
I) The molecule is lipid soluble.
II) The molecule is derived from a series of steps beginning with
cholesterol.
III) The molecule acts at a target tissue some distance from where it is
produced.
IV) The molecule uses a transport protein when in an aqueous solution
such as blood.
A) only I and III
B) only II and IV
✅✅-D) I, II, III, and IV
C) only I, III, and IV
D) I, II, III, and IV -
17) Which of the following are similar in structure to cholesterol?
I) estradiol
II) insulin
III) glucocorticoids
IV) testosterone
V) antidiuretic hormone
A) I and II
B) I, II, and III
