1ST SEMESTER | GRADE 11 STEM
GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 LESSON # 1 | CELL & CELL THEORY
○ The outer layer of a plant cell. (Only present in plant cell)
● CELL - is the basic functional and structural unit of life. It ○ Made up of cellulose that gives cell its shape.
came from the latin work Celia meaning small empty room ○ Termites - can digest cell wall
● CELL THEORY - is the basic theory in beiology
● BIOLOGY - is the study of life. It is derived from the Greek ● CELL MEMBRANE
words bios which means life and logos which means study ○ “GATEKEEPER”
○ Controls the entry and the exit of substances
SCIENTISTS WHO CONTRIBUTED TO THE DISCOVERY OF CELL ○ Found in both animal and plant cell
● ROBERT HOOKE ○ Outer layer of animal cell
○ First discovered and coined the term “cell”
○ Observed a thin slice of cork using microscope with 20x-50x ● CYTOPLASM
magnification ○ Holds the organelle
○ The cork was composed of many tiny compartments which ○ Gel-like fluid inside where the organelles are found
resembled little rooms with surrounding wall. He called it ○ Keeps the stability of the cell because the organelles stays on
Cell its place
● ANTOINE VAN LEEUWENHOEK ● NUCLEUS
○ Father of Microbiology ○ Control Center of the cell
○ Invented a compound microscope with 270 magnification ○ Largest organelle of the cell
○ Tried the experiment of Hooke using has microscope and ○ Controls and regulates the activities of the cell
found motile objects in cork. He called these motile objects
as animalcules – microscopic organisms. ● NUCLEOLUS
○ Discovered red blood cells, sperm cell, protist, and bacteria ○ Makes ribosomes
○ Can be found inside the nucleus
CELL THEORY
● ENDOPLASMIC RATICULUM
1. Cells are the basic unit of life ○ Transport proteins and lipids to Golgi Body
2. All living things are composed if one or more cell products ○ Rough ER – contains ribosomes. Transport proteins to Golgi
3. All living cells came from other living celsby the process of Body
cell division ○ Smooth ER - no ribosomes, transports lipids to Golgi Body
THREE SCIENTISTS WHO CONTRIBUTED IN THE FORMULATION OF ● GOLGI BODIES / GOLGIE APPARATUS
CELL THEORY ○ Packer and distributor
● MATTHIAS JACOB SCHLEIDEN ○ Receives proteins & materials from the ER, packages them,
○ German Botanist and distributes them
○ Stated that all plants are composed of cells
○ Formulated the Plant Cell Theory ● LYSOSOME
○ Digestion and waste removal
● THEODOR SCHWANN ○ Engulfs bacteria and viruses
○ German zoologist ○ Uses chemicals to break down food and worn-out cell parts.
○ Stated that all animals are composed of cells ○ Breaks down organelles that do not function well.
○ Formulated the Anima Cell Theory
● MITOCHONDRIA
● RUDOLF VIRCHOW ○ Powerhouse of the cell
○ German pathologist ○ Produces the energy a cell needs to carry out its function in
○ Theorized that all living cells come from who pre-existing the form of ATP.
living cell
● CHLOROPLAST
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE CELL ○ Site of photosynthesis
○ Present only in plant cell
● VACUOLE
○ Storage
○ It’s not an organelle, it’s a vesicle
○ Stores food, water, waste, and other materials
○ Present only in animal cell
● RIBOSOMES
○ Site of protein synthesis / it makes protein
, 1ST SEMESTER | GRADE 11 STEM
GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 LESSON # 2 | EUKARYOTIC & PROKARYOTIC CELLS
THREE DOMAINS OF LIFE
● BACTERIA - can be found everywhere but not in extreme
environments
● ARCHAEA - can be found in extreme environments
● EUKARYA - higher organisms or simple multi-cellular organisms.
(plants, animals, protist)
● SIMILARITIES
○ Plasma Membrane
○ Cytoplasm
○ DNA
○ Ribosomes
● DIFFERENCES
PROKARYOTIC CELLS EUKARYOTIC CELLS
Simple, smaller Complex, larger
No membrane organelle Has membrane bound organelle
(motichondria, ER, Golgi bodies,
etc)
Has capsule (for attachment) No capsule
Has single singular chromosome Has multiple linear
chromosome
Floats freely in the cyroplas
(nucleoid region) Found in the nucleus
Single-celled organisms in: Can be single-celled or
- Archaea multi-cellular organisms in:
- Monera - Plantae
- Animalia
- Fungi
- protista
PROKARYOTIC CELL EUKARYOTIC CELL
NUCLEUS None Present
STRUCTURE Simple Complex
SIZE None Present
GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 LESSON # 1 | CELL & CELL THEORY
○ The outer layer of a plant cell. (Only present in plant cell)
● CELL - is the basic functional and structural unit of life. It ○ Made up of cellulose that gives cell its shape.
came from the latin work Celia meaning small empty room ○ Termites - can digest cell wall
● CELL THEORY - is the basic theory in beiology
● BIOLOGY - is the study of life. It is derived from the Greek ● CELL MEMBRANE
words bios which means life and logos which means study ○ “GATEKEEPER”
○ Controls the entry and the exit of substances
SCIENTISTS WHO CONTRIBUTED TO THE DISCOVERY OF CELL ○ Found in both animal and plant cell
● ROBERT HOOKE ○ Outer layer of animal cell
○ First discovered and coined the term “cell”
○ Observed a thin slice of cork using microscope with 20x-50x ● CYTOPLASM
magnification ○ Holds the organelle
○ The cork was composed of many tiny compartments which ○ Gel-like fluid inside where the organelles are found
resembled little rooms with surrounding wall. He called it ○ Keeps the stability of the cell because the organelles stays on
Cell its place
● ANTOINE VAN LEEUWENHOEK ● NUCLEUS
○ Father of Microbiology ○ Control Center of the cell
○ Invented a compound microscope with 270 magnification ○ Largest organelle of the cell
○ Tried the experiment of Hooke using has microscope and ○ Controls and regulates the activities of the cell
found motile objects in cork. He called these motile objects
as animalcules – microscopic organisms. ● NUCLEOLUS
○ Discovered red blood cells, sperm cell, protist, and bacteria ○ Makes ribosomes
○ Can be found inside the nucleus
CELL THEORY
● ENDOPLASMIC RATICULUM
1. Cells are the basic unit of life ○ Transport proteins and lipids to Golgi Body
2. All living things are composed if one or more cell products ○ Rough ER – contains ribosomes. Transport proteins to Golgi
3. All living cells came from other living celsby the process of Body
cell division ○ Smooth ER - no ribosomes, transports lipids to Golgi Body
THREE SCIENTISTS WHO CONTRIBUTED IN THE FORMULATION OF ● GOLGI BODIES / GOLGIE APPARATUS
CELL THEORY ○ Packer and distributor
● MATTHIAS JACOB SCHLEIDEN ○ Receives proteins & materials from the ER, packages them,
○ German Botanist and distributes them
○ Stated that all plants are composed of cells
○ Formulated the Plant Cell Theory ● LYSOSOME
○ Digestion and waste removal
● THEODOR SCHWANN ○ Engulfs bacteria and viruses
○ German zoologist ○ Uses chemicals to break down food and worn-out cell parts.
○ Stated that all animals are composed of cells ○ Breaks down organelles that do not function well.
○ Formulated the Anima Cell Theory
● MITOCHONDRIA
● RUDOLF VIRCHOW ○ Powerhouse of the cell
○ German pathologist ○ Produces the energy a cell needs to carry out its function in
○ Theorized that all living cells come from who pre-existing the form of ATP.
living cell
● CHLOROPLAST
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE CELL ○ Site of photosynthesis
○ Present only in plant cell
● VACUOLE
○ Storage
○ It’s not an organelle, it’s a vesicle
○ Stores food, water, waste, and other materials
○ Present only in animal cell
● RIBOSOMES
○ Site of protein synthesis / it makes protein
, 1ST SEMESTER | GRADE 11 STEM
GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 LESSON # 2 | EUKARYOTIC & PROKARYOTIC CELLS
THREE DOMAINS OF LIFE
● BACTERIA - can be found everywhere but not in extreme
environments
● ARCHAEA - can be found in extreme environments
● EUKARYA - higher organisms or simple multi-cellular organisms.
(plants, animals, protist)
● SIMILARITIES
○ Plasma Membrane
○ Cytoplasm
○ DNA
○ Ribosomes
● DIFFERENCES
PROKARYOTIC CELLS EUKARYOTIC CELLS
Simple, smaller Complex, larger
No membrane organelle Has membrane bound organelle
(motichondria, ER, Golgi bodies,
etc)
Has capsule (for attachment) No capsule
Has single singular chromosome Has multiple linear
chromosome
Floats freely in the cyroplas
(nucleoid region) Found in the nucleus
Single-celled organisms in: Can be single-celled or
- Archaea multi-cellular organisms in:
- Monera - Plantae
- Animalia
- Fungi
- protista
PROKARYOTIC CELL EUKARYOTIC CELL
NUCLEUS None Present
STRUCTURE Simple Complex
SIZE None Present
