ICT SKILLS II
REVISION NOTES
ICT skills help us to communicate, run our business and stay connected with our family and friends.
Hence, every person needs to acquire ICT skills and build them to stay updated with the latest
software and applications (apps).
COMPUTER HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
A computer system consists of two main parts—
Hardware- The physical parts that we can see and touch are called hardware. It is the machinery of a
computer. These are the keyboard, monitor, CPU, etc.
Software: The part which cannot be seen but it makes hardware to work. Example: Windows, MS
office etc.
OPERATING SYSTEM
An operating interface between user and computer which directs the processing of programmes and
controls the operation of computer.
Some of the functions of Operating system are:
It supervises all the hardware on a computer and monitors each device’s status, including
whether it’s in use or not.
It also checks whether the device is functioning properly or not.
It also controls software resources of the computer.
It controls how much memory is used by the computer, keeping track of which memory is free
and which memory is being used by which software.
It controls how a computer system’s files and directories are organized.
It keeps track of the amount of disk space used by a specific file.
It allows you to create, copy, move and delete files.
Types of Operating Systems
The different types of operating systems are as follows:
Single-user , single-task operating system – This kind of operating system only permits one person
to use the computer at a time for one job.
Single-user, multi-task operating system – This kind of operating system is used on desktop and
laptop computers, which allow one user to run multiple programmes simultaneously. Examples of
single-user multitask operating systems are Windows and Apple MacOS.
Multi-user – A multi-user operating system enables multiple users to work on the same computer at
different times or simultaneously.
Real Time – A computing environment that responds to input within a specific period of time. is
known as a real-time operating system. It controls the computer’s resources so that each operation is
completed in exactly the same amount of time each time. Real-time operating systems include Lynx
OS and Windows CE.
Distributed – A distributed operating system runs on a set of computers that are interconnected by a
network. It combines the different computers in the network into a single integrated computer and
storage location. Windows, UNIX, and LINUX are examples of distributed operating systems.
Interactive (GUI-based) – An operating system that is user-friendly has a graphical user interface
where commands can be entered by clicking, double-clicking, or right-clicking the mouse. Windows
is the example of Interactive Operating System.
, MENU, ICONS, AND TASK BAR ON THE DESKTOP
The components of Windows are as follows –
Taskbar – The long horizontal bar at the bottom of the screen is called the taskbar. The Start button
is located to the left of the Taskbar, and Date/Time is located to the right. On the Taskbar, you can
also see icons for open programmes and a few shortcuts.
Start button – It is located on the left of the taskbar. Clicking the Start button opens the Start menu
and provides access to programs and features.
Recycle Bin – The user’s deleted files and folders are kept in the Recycle Bin. You can restore
accidentally deleted files or folders from the recycle bin.
CREATING AND MANAGING FILES AND FOLDERS
Files – Every single thing you keep on your computer is kept as a file. A file system is a method for
naming, storing, and retrieving files.
Creating File
1. Right-click anywhere in the blank area of the right-column.
2. In the Shortcut menu, click New and select the type of the file you want to create.
Renaming folders and files
1. Right-click the file or the folder.
2. From the shortcut menu, select Rename option.
3. Type the new name or edit the existing name and press the Enter key.
4. Or Just select the file/folder and press Function key F2.
5. Right-click anywhere in the blank area of the right-column.
6. In the Shortcut menu, click New and select the type of the file you want to create.
Folder – Folders and directories are groups which contain single of multiple files. There may be
related files and/or subfolders in each directory and folder. One or more files and other sub-folders
may be located inside a sub-folder. This makes files easily accessible.
Creating Folder
1. Double-click the Computer icon.
2. Select the drive in which you want to create a new folder. Say, Local Disk D:.
3. Window will open up showing files and folders in Local Disc D:
4. Click New Folder on the toolbar
5. A new folder is created with name New Folder highlighted.
6. Type a name for the folderCreating a file
Renaming folders and files
1. Right-click the file or the folder.
2. From the shortcut menu, select Rename option.
3. Type the new name or edit the existing name and press the Enter key.
4. Or Just select the file/folder and press Function key F2.
Deleting files or folders
1. Click the file or the folder.
2. Press the Delete key.
3. Or Right-click and select Delete option from the Shortcut menu.
BASIC SHORTCUTS
CTRL+ z — undo
CTRL+ y — redo
CTRL+ a — select all
CTRL+ x — cut
REVISION NOTES
ICT skills help us to communicate, run our business and stay connected with our family and friends.
Hence, every person needs to acquire ICT skills and build them to stay updated with the latest
software and applications (apps).
COMPUTER HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
A computer system consists of two main parts—
Hardware- The physical parts that we can see and touch are called hardware. It is the machinery of a
computer. These are the keyboard, monitor, CPU, etc.
Software: The part which cannot be seen but it makes hardware to work. Example: Windows, MS
office etc.
OPERATING SYSTEM
An operating interface between user and computer which directs the processing of programmes and
controls the operation of computer.
Some of the functions of Operating system are:
It supervises all the hardware on a computer and monitors each device’s status, including
whether it’s in use or not.
It also checks whether the device is functioning properly or not.
It also controls software resources of the computer.
It controls how much memory is used by the computer, keeping track of which memory is free
and which memory is being used by which software.
It controls how a computer system’s files and directories are organized.
It keeps track of the amount of disk space used by a specific file.
It allows you to create, copy, move and delete files.
Types of Operating Systems
The different types of operating systems are as follows:
Single-user , single-task operating system – This kind of operating system only permits one person
to use the computer at a time for one job.
Single-user, multi-task operating system – This kind of operating system is used on desktop and
laptop computers, which allow one user to run multiple programmes simultaneously. Examples of
single-user multitask operating systems are Windows and Apple MacOS.
Multi-user – A multi-user operating system enables multiple users to work on the same computer at
different times or simultaneously.
Real Time – A computing environment that responds to input within a specific period of time. is
known as a real-time operating system. It controls the computer’s resources so that each operation is
completed in exactly the same amount of time each time. Real-time operating systems include Lynx
OS and Windows CE.
Distributed – A distributed operating system runs on a set of computers that are interconnected by a
network. It combines the different computers in the network into a single integrated computer and
storage location. Windows, UNIX, and LINUX are examples of distributed operating systems.
Interactive (GUI-based) – An operating system that is user-friendly has a graphical user interface
where commands can be entered by clicking, double-clicking, or right-clicking the mouse. Windows
is the example of Interactive Operating System.
, MENU, ICONS, AND TASK BAR ON THE DESKTOP
The components of Windows are as follows –
Taskbar – The long horizontal bar at the bottom of the screen is called the taskbar. The Start button
is located to the left of the Taskbar, and Date/Time is located to the right. On the Taskbar, you can
also see icons for open programmes and a few shortcuts.
Start button – It is located on the left of the taskbar. Clicking the Start button opens the Start menu
and provides access to programs and features.
Recycle Bin – The user’s deleted files and folders are kept in the Recycle Bin. You can restore
accidentally deleted files or folders from the recycle bin.
CREATING AND MANAGING FILES AND FOLDERS
Files – Every single thing you keep on your computer is kept as a file. A file system is a method for
naming, storing, and retrieving files.
Creating File
1. Right-click anywhere in the blank area of the right-column.
2. In the Shortcut menu, click New and select the type of the file you want to create.
Renaming folders and files
1. Right-click the file or the folder.
2. From the shortcut menu, select Rename option.
3. Type the new name or edit the existing name and press the Enter key.
4. Or Just select the file/folder and press Function key F2.
5. Right-click anywhere in the blank area of the right-column.
6. In the Shortcut menu, click New and select the type of the file you want to create.
Folder – Folders and directories are groups which contain single of multiple files. There may be
related files and/or subfolders in each directory and folder. One or more files and other sub-folders
may be located inside a sub-folder. This makes files easily accessible.
Creating Folder
1. Double-click the Computer icon.
2. Select the drive in which you want to create a new folder. Say, Local Disk D:.
3. Window will open up showing files and folders in Local Disc D:
4. Click New Folder on the toolbar
5. A new folder is created with name New Folder highlighted.
6. Type a name for the folderCreating a file
Renaming folders and files
1. Right-click the file or the folder.
2. From the shortcut menu, select Rename option.
3. Type the new name or edit the existing name and press the Enter key.
4. Or Just select the file/folder and press Function key F2.
Deleting files or folders
1. Click the file or the folder.
2. Press the Delete key.
3. Or Right-click and select Delete option from the Shortcut menu.
BASIC SHORTCUTS
CTRL+ z — undo
CTRL+ y — redo
CTRL+ a — select all
CTRL+ x — cut
