CROP SCIENCE LEC 1100
Finals
o Hindi siya madaling mamulaklak, kapag
CROP IMPROVEMENT ganon nangyari, mahihirapan tayo,
magkakaroon ng cross-pollination
- Genetic alteration of plants to satisfy human needs. It is the o Also means once a year lang itanim,
traditional method. meaning, babagal yung cycle to produce a
variety
- The term crop improvement is used synonymously with plant - May mga crops na tinatanim during ber months,
breeding which is defined as the art and science of improving tinatawag sila na short-day plants ibig sabihin need
crops hereditary make-up. nila mas longer yung darkness nila kesa sa light para
mag flower which is called
IMPORTANT PLANT CHARACTERISTICS Photoperiodism (response to changes in daylength
CONSIDERED FOR IMPROVEMENT that enables plants to adapt to seasonal changes in
their environment)
1. Higher yields Examples : Poinsettia and soybean
- Foremost objective of most breeding programs
7. Non-shattering characteristics
2. Improved quality - Shattering – nalalagas agad yung flowers or seeds
- Quality – can be eat quality (mabango, malambot, - Why we don’t like that? Dahil losses natin yon
masarap) - Kung shattering siya, ‘di natin alam kung naka-attach
pa siya or immature pa siya, nagsshatter na agad
3. Diseases and insect resistance yung seeds niya
- 2nd most objective
- Why we need this characteristic? 8. Determinate growth
o It takes 12yrs before we produce a variety, - Determinate = bush type
kung in the middle ng stable production, uulit - Indeterminate = vines (climbing or crawling)
sa simula or ma-cross out yung progeny na Example : Tomato
yon - May kamatis na binabalag at hindi, gusto natin yung
o Kung yung magulang, susceptible na agad hindi dahil in terms of management, mas ok yung
sa pest and diseases, ang magiging determinate yung growth
anak/seeds, mamamana yun
9. Dormancy
4. Change in maturity duration - Dormancy = Won’t germinate if not given favorable
- Sa rice, merong umaabot na 5-6 mos (traditional environment
varieties) o Maybe seed coat, inhibitor or immature seed
- Gusto natin mas shorter yung duration, para mas o To break : Scarification
madali i-manage, kasi kung saktong 6mos, alanganin Why we don’t want it?
na sa next cropping season - Imagine from time to time, gagawin yung process na
- Kasi need ng at least one month bago magpatanim yon
ulit, so kung hindi mapapahinga yung lupa, posible na - If nadistribute yung seeds, kung may tendency
yung pest andon lang maging dormant yung seeds, kung di alam ng
magtatanim how to break dormancy, masasayang
5. Agronomic characteristics yung planting materials
- Tinitignan kung ilan yung tillers, madami ba siyang
panicles, mabigat ba yung grains niya, mas marami 10. Varieties for new season
ba siyang napproduce na filled grains kesa sa
- We need to make sure the varieties we’ll use for next
unfilled?
season, is applicable to the upcoming years/season
- Mas ok yung madaming tillers, kasi mas madaming
napproduce na panicles
11. Moisture stress and salt tolerance
- Kailangan kaya ng ipproduce nating variety to
6. Photosensitivity
withstand the moisture stress
- Ayaw natin na photosensitive yung crop natin, kasi :
12. Elimination of toxic substances
SNDD | 1
Finals
o Hindi siya madaling mamulaklak, kapag
CROP IMPROVEMENT ganon nangyari, mahihirapan tayo,
magkakaroon ng cross-pollination
- Genetic alteration of plants to satisfy human needs. It is the o Also means once a year lang itanim,
traditional method. meaning, babagal yung cycle to produce a
variety
- The term crop improvement is used synonymously with plant - May mga crops na tinatanim during ber months,
breeding which is defined as the art and science of improving tinatawag sila na short-day plants ibig sabihin need
crops hereditary make-up. nila mas longer yung darkness nila kesa sa light para
mag flower which is called
IMPORTANT PLANT CHARACTERISTICS Photoperiodism (response to changes in daylength
CONSIDERED FOR IMPROVEMENT that enables plants to adapt to seasonal changes in
their environment)
1. Higher yields Examples : Poinsettia and soybean
- Foremost objective of most breeding programs
7. Non-shattering characteristics
2. Improved quality - Shattering – nalalagas agad yung flowers or seeds
- Quality – can be eat quality (mabango, malambot, - Why we don’t like that? Dahil losses natin yon
masarap) - Kung shattering siya, ‘di natin alam kung naka-attach
pa siya or immature pa siya, nagsshatter na agad
3. Diseases and insect resistance yung seeds niya
- 2nd most objective
- Why we need this characteristic? 8. Determinate growth
o It takes 12yrs before we produce a variety, - Determinate = bush type
kung in the middle ng stable production, uulit - Indeterminate = vines (climbing or crawling)
sa simula or ma-cross out yung progeny na Example : Tomato
yon - May kamatis na binabalag at hindi, gusto natin yung
o Kung yung magulang, susceptible na agad hindi dahil in terms of management, mas ok yung
sa pest and diseases, ang magiging determinate yung growth
anak/seeds, mamamana yun
9. Dormancy
4. Change in maturity duration - Dormancy = Won’t germinate if not given favorable
- Sa rice, merong umaabot na 5-6 mos (traditional environment
varieties) o Maybe seed coat, inhibitor or immature seed
- Gusto natin mas shorter yung duration, para mas o To break : Scarification
madali i-manage, kasi kung saktong 6mos, alanganin Why we don’t want it?
na sa next cropping season - Imagine from time to time, gagawin yung process na
- Kasi need ng at least one month bago magpatanim yon
ulit, so kung hindi mapapahinga yung lupa, posible na - If nadistribute yung seeds, kung may tendency
yung pest andon lang maging dormant yung seeds, kung di alam ng
magtatanim how to break dormancy, masasayang
5. Agronomic characteristics yung planting materials
- Tinitignan kung ilan yung tillers, madami ba siyang
panicles, mabigat ba yung grains niya, mas marami 10. Varieties for new season
ba siyang napproduce na filled grains kesa sa
- We need to make sure the varieties we’ll use for next
unfilled?
season, is applicable to the upcoming years/season
- Mas ok yung madaming tillers, kasi mas madaming
napproduce na panicles
11. Moisture stress and salt tolerance
- Kailangan kaya ng ipproduce nating variety to
6. Photosensitivity
withstand the moisture stress
- Ayaw natin na photosensitive yung crop natin, kasi :
12. Elimination of toxic substances
SNDD | 1
