Unit 1 History and Trends in Counseling
Guidance - ANS-related to helping people make a good career or academic choice
Psychotherapy - ANS-deals with the "recovery of adequacy" and therapist is expert.
More concerned with insight than change. Usually long-term
Counselling - ANS-Emphasizes growth as well as remediation in areas that involve
relationships, personal growth, career development as well as pathology with both
mentally ill and sound persons. It is theory based
Frank Parsons - ANS-"Father of Guidance" focused on growth & prevention. Best
known for founding Boston's Vocational Bureau & institutionalizing vocational guidance.
Jesse B. Davis - ANS-set up first systematized guidance program in public schools (a B
c d e f.... = children/school)
Clifford Beers - ANS-helped to advocate for change in mental institutions (was in one so
knew first hand (HINT Beer in hand) fought for better mental health facilities.
E.G. Williamson - ANS-Developed first theory of counselling (1930's). Counsellor -
centred approach. Very scientific about counselling. Goal was to ascertain deficiency in
client. (unWILLING to be flexible or open to client).
Edward Thorndike - ANS-Challenged the vocational orientation of the guidance
movement (was a THORN in their side!)
John Brewer - ANS-also Challenged the "vocational orientation" of the guidance
movement (trouble was BREWING!) made counsellors see vocational decisions as just
one part of their responsibilities. Saw education as guidance.
Carl Rogers - ANS-Impacted both counselling and psychology. VERY influential (like
ROGERS cable) - challenged counsellor-centred approach of Williamson. Emphasized
the importance of the CLIENT. Brought new techniques and methods to counselling -
Person centred approach.
ERIC Clearinghouse (publisher) - ANS-publisher with largest and most used resources
on counselling activities and trends in the U.S. - sponsored conferences and brought
Guidance - ANS-related to helping people make a good career or academic choice
Psychotherapy - ANS-deals with the "recovery of adequacy" and therapist is expert.
More concerned with insight than change. Usually long-term
Counselling - ANS-Emphasizes growth as well as remediation in areas that involve
relationships, personal growth, career development as well as pathology with both
mentally ill and sound persons. It is theory based
Frank Parsons - ANS-"Father of Guidance" focused on growth & prevention. Best
known for founding Boston's Vocational Bureau & institutionalizing vocational guidance.
Jesse B. Davis - ANS-set up first systematized guidance program in public schools (a B
c d e f.... = children/school)
Clifford Beers - ANS-helped to advocate for change in mental institutions (was in one so
knew first hand (HINT Beer in hand) fought for better mental health facilities.
E.G. Williamson - ANS-Developed first theory of counselling (1930's). Counsellor -
centred approach. Very scientific about counselling. Goal was to ascertain deficiency in
client. (unWILLING to be flexible or open to client).
Edward Thorndike - ANS-Challenged the vocational orientation of the guidance
movement (was a THORN in their side!)
John Brewer - ANS-also Challenged the "vocational orientation" of the guidance
movement (trouble was BREWING!) made counsellors see vocational decisions as just
one part of their responsibilities. Saw education as guidance.
Carl Rogers - ANS-Impacted both counselling and psychology. VERY influential (like
ROGERS cable) - challenged counsellor-centred approach of Williamson. Emphasized
the importance of the CLIENT. Brought new techniques and methods to counselling -
Person centred approach.
ERIC Clearinghouse (publisher) - ANS-publisher with largest and most used resources
on counselling activities and trends in the U.S. - sponsored conferences and brought
