Human Computer Interaction 2
Institutional Review Board (IRB)
➴ 1st Semester - All research involving human subjects must
comply with applicable policies for the protection
of human subjects.
Ethics and Human Research
- Ensures the ethical and legal conduct of human
subject research.
What is Research Ethics in HCI?
- Protect their institution from liability and official
❖ Legal Standards
sanctions.
- Minimum requirements or rules established
by law.
Levels of IRB
❖ Institutional Policies and Procedures
● Exempted
- Organizations often have their own internal
- includes researches that are commonly
policies and procedures that go beyond what
accepted in educational settings, involving
is legally required.
normal educational practices
❖ Ethical Standards/Consideration
● Expedited
- Ethical behavior represents the highest
- an IRB staff person may quickly approve the
moral standards and principles that guide
protocol without sending it to the full board.
individuals' actions.
● Full Board
★ Risks
- discussed within (typically) monthly IRB
- Subject
board meetings
- Environment
- Ethics Violation
IRB (SISC)
History
Ethical Consideration
➢ Nuremberg War Trials (1949)
- Informed Consent
- Established the basic principles that subjects
- Informed Consent to Research
should provide voluntary consent, and be
- Informed Consent to Research with Intervention
free to end their participation at any time.
- Informed Consent for Recording
Further, the experiment must “yield fruitful
- Voices and Images in Research.
results for the benefit of society,” and
- Dispensing with Informed Consent for Research.
unnecessary risk should be avoided
- Deception in Research
➢ Tuskegee Experiments (1932-1972)
- Debriefing
- 400 African-American men with syphilis were
- Reporting Research Results
monitored for 40 years (1932–1972) without
- Plagiarism
being told of their disease (UNLV, 2012). The
- Publication Credit
study continued for decades after the
- Duplicate Publication of Data
discovery in 1947 that penicillin cures the
- Sharing Research Data for Verification.
disease (CDC, 2011).
Procedure for Ethics Review
Belmont Report (1979)
- Research staff will hold an orientation session for
- summarizes ethical principles and guidelines for
those students who are qualified once per
human subject research.
semester.
● Respect of Person
- Students will fill-out Ethics Review Forms which
- Researchers must be truthful and conduct no
will be distributed by their respective Research 1
deception.
professors.
● Beneficence
- Ethics Review Committee reviews and checks
- ensuring reasonable, non-exploitative, and
the paper for final approval of the Institutional
well-considered procedures are administered
Research Committee.
fairly.
● Justice
Ethics Review Form
- the philosophy of "Do no harm" while
- Classification of Research
maximizing benefits for the research project
- Description of the Research & Methods to gather
and minimizing risks to the research
data
subjects.
, - Conflict of Interest - It is considered as a problem solving process that
- For Sensitive Research has components like planned usage, target area,
- Website Accessibility resources, cost, and viability.
- Transmission & Storage of research materials - It is aligning with the user’s needs.
- Additional Questions
- Code of Ethics Design Methodologies
- Declaration of Signature ❖ Activity Theory
- Describes the framework where the
Ethical Issues human-computer interactions take place.
Activity theory provides reasoning, analytical
Human Subjects tools and interaction designs.
- Human subjects research presumes subjects ❖ Human-Centered Design
who are lay people with no special knowledge of - Refers to the design that considers the
the research domain. needs of the user throughout the entire
- It is common that subjects are knowledgeable design process.
about the domain of inquiry. - We can’t design great interfaces just by
- It is important to credit them correctly if their applying guidelines and heuristics.
contribution is significant.
Creating a User-Centered Design
Ethical Challenges in Internet Research - Identifying the experience of the user.
- Determining if the nature of research involves - Identifying the user’s previous knowledge.
human subjects. - Fill in the shoes of the users.
- Online postings may be findable with a search - Identifying the user’s recovery once the error
engine occurs.
Terms of Service 6 Principles of User-Centered Design
- May set conditions for when research is allowed, 1. The design is based upon explicit understanding
or may prohibit research altogether. of users, tasks and environment.
- Some researchers argue that it is not always 2. Users are involved throughout design and
necessary or appropriate. development.
3. The design is driven and refined by
Recruiting Subjects Online user-centered evaluation.
- Researchers may disturb the research 4. The process is iterative.
environment through the process of soliciting 5. The design addresses the whole user
participants. experience.
- Researcher presence and request for study 6. The design team includes multidisciplinary skills
participation is more likely to be perceived as and perspective.
disruptive.
- Crowdsourcing with services is in conflict with Stakeholders
Belmont’s first principle. ❖ Primary Stakeholders
- refers to the people who uses the tools
Recording Interaction directly
- Is it ethical to record activity in a chat room or a ❖ Secondary Stakeholders
virtual world without consent? - refers to the people who don’t use the
- Does this constitute activity of unidentified systems directly but who might interact with
individuals in a public place? the output of it.
- Requesting consent might be disruptive for the ❖ Tertiary Stakeholders
environment under study. - refers to the people who never interact with
the tools or even interact with it’s output but
who are nonetheless impacted by the
Introduction to Methods existence of the tool.
Design
Institutional Review Board (IRB)
➴ 1st Semester - All research involving human subjects must
comply with applicable policies for the protection
of human subjects.
Ethics and Human Research
- Ensures the ethical and legal conduct of human
subject research.
What is Research Ethics in HCI?
- Protect their institution from liability and official
❖ Legal Standards
sanctions.
- Minimum requirements or rules established
by law.
Levels of IRB
❖ Institutional Policies and Procedures
● Exempted
- Organizations often have their own internal
- includes researches that are commonly
policies and procedures that go beyond what
accepted in educational settings, involving
is legally required.
normal educational practices
❖ Ethical Standards/Consideration
● Expedited
- Ethical behavior represents the highest
- an IRB staff person may quickly approve the
moral standards and principles that guide
protocol without sending it to the full board.
individuals' actions.
● Full Board
★ Risks
- discussed within (typically) monthly IRB
- Subject
board meetings
- Environment
- Ethics Violation
IRB (SISC)
History
Ethical Consideration
➢ Nuremberg War Trials (1949)
- Informed Consent
- Established the basic principles that subjects
- Informed Consent to Research
should provide voluntary consent, and be
- Informed Consent to Research with Intervention
free to end their participation at any time.
- Informed Consent for Recording
Further, the experiment must “yield fruitful
- Voices and Images in Research.
results for the benefit of society,” and
- Dispensing with Informed Consent for Research.
unnecessary risk should be avoided
- Deception in Research
➢ Tuskegee Experiments (1932-1972)
- Debriefing
- 400 African-American men with syphilis were
- Reporting Research Results
monitored for 40 years (1932–1972) without
- Plagiarism
being told of their disease (UNLV, 2012). The
- Publication Credit
study continued for decades after the
- Duplicate Publication of Data
discovery in 1947 that penicillin cures the
- Sharing Research Data for Verification.
disease (CDC, 2011).
Procedure for Ethics Review
Belmont Report (1979)
- Research staff will hold an orientation session for
- summarizes ethical principles and guidelines for
those students who are qualified once per
human subject research.
semester.
● Respect of Person
- Students will fill-out Ethics Review Forms which
- Researchers must be truthful and conduct no
will be distributed by their respective Research 1
deception.
professors.
● Beneficence
- Ethics Review Committee reviews and checks
- ensuring reasonable, non-exploitative, and
the paper for final approval of the Institutional
well-considered procedures are administered
Research Committee.
fairly.
● Justice
Ethics Review Form
- the philosophy of "Do no harm" while
- Classification of Research
maximizing benefits for the research project
- Description of the Research & Methods to gather
and minimizing risks to the research
data
subjects.
, - Conflict of Interest - It is considered as a problem solving process that
- For Sensitive Research has components like planned usage, target area,
- Website Accessibility resources, cost, and viability.
- Transmission & Storage of research materials - It is aligning with the user’s needs.
- Additional Questions
- Code of Ethics Design Methodologies
- Declaration of Signature ❖ Activity Theory
- Describes the framework where the
Ethical Issues human-computer interactions take place.
Activity theory provides reasoning, analytical
Human Subjects tools and interaction designs.
- Human subjects research presumes subjects ❖ Human-Centered Design
who are lay people with no special knowledge of - Refers to the design that considers the
the research domain. needs of the user throughout the entire
- It is common that subjects are knowledgeable design process.
about the domain of inquiry. - We can’t design great interfaces just by
- It is important to credit them correctly if their applying guidelines and heuristics.
contribution is significant.
Creating a User-Centered Design
Ethical Challenges in Internet Research - Identifying the experience of the user.
- Determining if the nature of research involves - Identifying the user’s previous knowledge.
human subjects. - Fill in the shoes of the users.
- Online postings may be findable with a search - Identifying the user’s recovery once the error
engine occurs.
Terms of Service 6 Principles of User-Centered Design
- May set conditions for when research is allowed, 1. The design is based upon explicit understanding
or may prohibit research altogether. of users, tasks and environment.
- Some researchers argue that it is not always 2. Users are involved throughout design and
necessary or appropriate. development.
3. The design is driven and refined by
Recruiting Subjects Online user-centered evaluation.
- Researchers may disturb the research 4. The process is iterative.
environment through the process of soliciting 5. The design addresses the whole user
participants. experience.
- Researcher presence and request for study 6. The design team includes multidisciplinary skills
participation is more likely to be perceived as and perspective.
disruptive.
- Crowdsourcing with services is in conflict with Stakeholders
Belmont’s first principle. ❖ Primary Stakeholders
- refers to the people who uses the tools
Recording Interaction directly
- Is it ethical to record activity in a chat room or a ❖ Secondary Stakeholders
virtual world without consent? - refers to the people who don’t use the
- Does this constitute activity of unidentified systems directly but who might interact with
individuals in a public place? the output of it.
- Requesting consent might be disruptive for the ❖ Tertiary Stakeholders
environment under study. - refers to the people who never interact with
the tools or even interact with it’s output but
who are nonetheless impacted by the
Introduction to Methods existence of the tool.
Design
