○ Hedonism
- Judges when its consequences produce
➴ Week 1 pleasure or avoids pain.
Ethics ➢ Kantianism
- Standards of right and wrong. - Judges whether they fulfill their duty
Factors Affecting Ethical Behavior ★ Computer Ethics Preamble
Employee as an Internal/Organiza External
individual tional Environment
➴ Week 2
Family Policies, Code of Government Computer Ethics
Influences Conduct regulations
- Agreed principles that govern the use of
computers.
Religious / Behavior of Norms and
Cultural Values leaders, values of politics
supervisors, - political History
peers and behavior Second World War
subordinates - Norbert Wiener (MIT professor) predicted social
and ethical consequences to cybernetics
Personal Organizational Ethical climate of technology.
Standards and culture society - social 1950
needs values and - Wiener published “The Human Use of Human
norms
Beings”.
1973
History - The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Code of Hammurabi had adopted its first code of ethics.
- First law created in the Middle East civilization 1976
- 282 laws - Walter Maner (Bowling Green State University
- The original stone is located in the Louvre professor) coined the term ‘computer ethics‘.
Museum in France. 1985
The Bible - Publication of “Computer Ethics” by Deborah
- holy scripture of the Christian religion Johnson (University of Virginia professor)
Plato and Aristotle’s Ethics - It was established as a standard-setting textbook
- focusing on good character traits of individuals - in the field.
virtues
● Virtue Ethics - the ethical question is not what you Three Levels
ought one do? But rather, what kind of person ought ➢ POP Computer Ethics
one to be? - The public should be sensitized to the
● Ultimate Source of Moral Value - the Good fact that computer technology has social
and ethical consequences.
Common Ethical Theories ➢ PARA Computer Ethics
➢ Relativism Theory - Making preliminary assessments and
- Different cultures may have opposite acceptable identifications of computer ethics cases.
behaviors. ➢ THEORETICAL Computer Ethics
➢ Divine Command Theory - Applies scholarly theories to computer
- Morality is dependent upon God. ethics cases and concepts.
➢ Ethical Egoism
- All persons ought to act from their own Social Networking Sites
self-interest. - A web-based service that allows individuals to
○ Personal Ethical Egoism construct a profile, share a connection, and view
- A person should act from the motive of the system.
self-interest.
○ Individual Ethical Egoism Social Networking Issues
- All person should serve my self-interest. ● Posting a picture message / picture messaging /
○ Universal Ethical Egoism photo messaging
- All persons should pursue their own ● Copyright infringement
interests exclusively. ● Photos of a public event
➢ Consequentialism ● Potentially damaging photos
- Judges based on its consequences. ● When children are involved
○ Utilitarianism
- “greatest good for the greatest number”
, Rational Basis Test
➴ Week 3 - Considered to be the ‘lowest’ standard of review.
- In the USA, it is a legal standard used by courts to
Technologies Impact on Privacy
assess the constitutionality of gov actions. It is a
level of examination applied when evaluating laws
Privacy or gov policies.
- Right of individuals to their personal information. - In the PH, it is not explicitly named as such, but
- The right to privacy was present during 1935 and similar principles are applied. The concept of
1973 constitutions. judicial review is well established in PH
jurisprudence (philosophy of law).
Civil Code of the Philippines
- R.A. 386 Reasonable Expectation of Privacy
- Body of laws governing private law in the Ph. - An element of privacy law that determines in which
- Enacted in 1950. places and in which activities a person has a legal
➢ Article 26 - “Every person shall respect the right to privacy.
dignity, personality, privacy and peace of mind of - “Right to be left alone”
his neighbors and other persons…”
➢ Article 723 - “Letters and other private ❖ Expectation of Privacy in the Home
communications in writing are owned by the - Physically enters a place/uses elec
person to whom they are addressed and delivered, equip to monitor or record.
but they cannot be published or disseminated ❖ Expectation of Privacy in the Public
without the consent of the writer or his heirs…” - Involved in accidents or bystanders
would less likely to sue if the event is
Revised Penal Code newsworthy.
- Crimes Committed by Public Officers ★ Privacy law can also protect those
- Enacted in 1930. shown in media IF it ISN'T useful of
- The primary legal framework for prosecution and any public interest that ONLY causes
punishment of criminal offenses in the Ph. embarrassment even if no personal
➢ Arresto Mayor - imprisonment ranging from one information is disseminated.
month and one day to six months. ❖ Privacy Between Spouse
➢ Prisión Correccional - imprisonment from six - In PH, while there are no specific
months and one day to six years. provisions, various legal principles and
- more serious than those statutes are recognized.
punishable by arresto mayor ❖ Privacy Rights of Convicted / Detained Person
but less serious than those ➢ RA. No. 7438 - defining certain rights of
punishable by prision mayor a person arrested, detained or under
or reclusión temporal. custodial investigation.
➢ Article 229 - Revelation of secrets by an officer. ➢ Know if you’re being arrested:
➢ Article 230 - Public officer revealing secrets of ○ Reason for arrest (arrest
private individuals. warrant)
- Shall suffer the penalties of ○ Identity/authority of arresting
arresto mayor and a fine not officer
exceeding 1,000 pesos ○ Be “entitled to a trial within a
reasonable time”
Rules of Court ○ Demand physical examination
- Comprehensive rules that govern civil criminal before and after interrogation
and special proceedings. (R.A. 9745 - Anti-Torture
- Rules on Evidences is the number four out of Act)
seven. ➢ During Detention, rights according to
➢ Section 24 - Disqualification by reason of Free Legal Assistance Group (FLAG):
privileged communication. ○ Be treated as human being
A. The husband or wife cannot be ○ Due process
examined without the consent of the ○ Receive visits
other. ○ Practice your religion
B. An attorney (-’s sec/stenographer/clerk) ○ Adequate needs
cannot be examined without the consent ○ Be furnished
of the client. ○ Separate from convicts
C. A physician (nor the family) cannot be serving sentence
examined without the consent of the ○ Speedy, impartial, and public
patient. trial
- Judges when its consequences produce
➴ Week 1 pleasure or avoids pain.
Ethics ➢ Kantianism
- Standards of right and wrong. - Judges whether they fulfill their duty
Factors Affecting Ethical Behavior ★ Computer Ethics Preamble
Employee as an Internal/Organiza External
individual tional Environment
➴ Week 2
Family Policies, Code of Government Computer Ethics
Influences Conduct regulations
- Agreed principles that govern the use of
computers.
Religious / Behavior of Norms and
Cultural Values leaders, values of politics
supervisors, - political History
peers and behavior Second World War
subordinates - Norbert Wiener (MIT professor) predicted social
and ethical consequences to cybernetics
Personal Organizational Ethical climate of technology.
Standards and culture society - social 1950
needs values and - Wiener published “The Human Use of Human
norms
Beings”.
1973
History - The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Code of Hammurabi had adopted its first code of ethics.
- First law created in the Middle East civilization 1976
- 282 laws - Walter Maner (Bowling Green State University
- The original stone is located in the Louvre professor) coined the term ‘computer ethics‘.
Museum in France. 1985
The Bible - Publication of “Computer Ethics” by Deborah
- holy scripture of the Christian religion Johnson (University of Virginia professor)
Plato and Aristotle’s Ethics - It was established as a standard-setting textbook
- focusing on good character traits of individuals - in the field.
virtues
● Virtue Ethics - the ethical question is not what you Three Levels
ought one do? But rather, what kind of person ought ➢ POP Computer Ethics
one to be? - The public should be sensitized to the
● Ultimate Source of Moral Value - the Good fact that computer technology has social
and ethical consequences.
Common Ethical Theories ➢ PARA Computer Ethics
➢ Relativism Theory - Making preliminary assessments and
- Different cultures may have opposite acceptable identifications of computer ethics cases.
behaviors. ➢ THEORETICAL Computer Ethics
➢ Divine Command Theory - Applies scholarly theories to computer
- Morality is dependent upon God. ethics cases and concepts.
➢ Ethical Egoism
- All persons ought to act from their own Social Networking Sites
self-interest. - A web-based service that allows individuals to
○ Personal Ethical Egoism construct a profile, share a connection, and view
- A person should act from the motive of the system.
self-interest.
○ Individual Ethical Egoism Social Networking Issues
- All person should serve my self-interest. ● Posting a picture message / picture messaging /
○ Universal Ethical Egoism photo messaging
- All persons should pursue their own ● Copyright infringement
interests exclusively. ● Photos of a public event
➢ Consequentialism ● Potentially damaging photos
- Judges based on its consequences. ● When children are involved
○ Utilitarianism
- “greatest good for the greatest number”
, Rational Basis Test
➴ Week 3 - Considered to be the ‘lowest’ standard of review.
- In the USA, it is a legal standard used by courts to
Technologies Impact on Privacy
assess the constitutionality of gov actions. It is a
level of examination applied when evaluating laws
Privacy or gov policies.
- Right of individuals to their personal information. - In the PH, it is not explicitly named as such, but
- The right to privacy was present during 1935 and similar principles are applied. The concept of
1973 constitutions. judicial review is well established in PH
jurisprudence (philosophy of law).
Civil Code of the Philippines
- R.A. 386 Reasonable Expectation of Privacy
- Body of laws governing private law in the Ph. - An element of privacy law that determines in which
- Enacted in 1950. places and in which activities a person has a legal
➢ Article 26 - “Every person shall respect the right to privacy.
dignity, personality, privacy and peace of mind of - “Right to be left alone”
his neighbors and other persons…”
➢ Article 723 - “Letters and other private ❖ Expectation of Privacy in the Home
communications in writing are owned by the - Physically enters a place/uses elec
person to whom they are addressed and delivered, equip to monitor or record.
but they cannot be published or disseminated ❖ Expectation of Privacy in the Public
without the consent of the writer or his heirs…” - Involved in accidents or bystanders
would less likely to sue if the event is
Revised Penal Code newsworthy.
- Crimes Committed by Public Officers ★ Privacy law can also protect those
- Enacted in 1930. shown in media IF it ISN'T useful of
- The primary legal framework for prosecution and any public interest that ONLY causes
punishment of criminal offenses in the Ph. embarrassment even if no personal
➢ Arresto Mayor - imprisonment ranging from one information is disseminated.
month and one day to six months. ❖ Privacy Between Spouse
➢ Prisión Correccional - imprisonment from six - In PH, while there are no specific
months and one day to six years. provisions, various legal principles and
- more serious than those statutes are recognized.
punishable by arresto mayor ❖ Privacy Rights of Convicted / Detained Person
but less serious than those ➢ RA. No. 7438 - defining certain rights of
punishable by prision mayor a person arrested, detained or under
or reclusión temporal. custodial investigation.
➢ Article 229 - Revelation of secrets by an officer. ➢ Know if you’re being arrested:
➢ Article 230 - Public officer revealing secrets of ○ Reason for arrest (arrest
private individuals. warrant)
- Shall suffer the penalties of ○ Identity/authority of arresting
arresto mayor and a fine not officer
exceeding 1,000 pesos ○ Be “entitled to a trial within a
reasonable time”
Rules of Court ○ Demand physical examination
- Comprehensive rules that govern civil criminal before and after interrogation
and special proceedings. (R.A. 9745 - Anti-Torture
- Rules on Evidences is the number four out of Act)
seven. ➢ During Detention, rights according to
➢ Section 24 - Disqualification by reason of Free Legal Assistance Group (FLAG):
privileged communication. ○ Be treated as human being
A. The husband or wife cannot be ○ Due process
examined without the consent of the ○ Receive visits
other. ○ Practice your religion
B. An attorney (-’s sec/stenographer/clerk) ○ Adequate needs
cannot be examined without the consent ○ Be furnished
of the client. ○ Separate from convicts
C. A physician (nor the family) cannot be serving sentence
examined without the consent of the ○ Speedy, impartial, and public
patient. trial
