DIGITAL NOTES
MECHANICAL MEASUREMENTS AND
INSTRUMENTATION
(R20A0329)
B.Tech –IV Year –I Semester
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
(An Autonomous Institution – UGC, Govt.of India)
Recognizes under 2(f) and 12(B) of UGC ACT 1956
(Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad, Approved by AICTE –Accredited by NBA & NAAC-“A” Grade-ISO 9001:2015
Certified)
Department Of Mechanical Engineering,MRCET.
, MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
To impart knowledge of architecture of the measurement system.
To deliver working principle of mechanical measurement system.
To study concept of measurement flow and speed of rotating shaft
To analyze the stress and strain measurements and humidity measurements
To understand the Measurement of Force, Torque and Power Elements of Control
Systems
UNIT – I:
Definition – Basic principles of measurement – Measurement systems, generalized
configuration and functional descriptions of measuring instruments – examples. Dynamic
performance characteristics – sources of error, Classification and elimination of error.
Measurement of Displacement: Theory and construction of various transducers to measure
displacement – Piezo electric, Inductive, capacitance, resistance, ionization and Photo electric
transducers, Calibration procedures.
UNIT – II:
Measurement of Temperature: Classification – Ranges – Various Principles of measurement –
Expansion, Electrical Resistance – Thermistor – Thermocouple – Pyrometers – Temperature Indicators.
Measurement of Pressure: Units – classification – different principles used. Manometers, Piston,
Bourdon pressure gauges, Bellows – Diaphragm gauges. Low pressure measurement – Thermal
conductivity gauges – ionization pressure gauges, Mcleod pressure gauge.
Measurement of Level: Direct method – Indirect methods – capacitative, ultrasonic, magnetic,
cryogenic fuel level indicators – Bubler level indicators.
UNIT – III:
Flow Measurement: Rotameter, magnetic, Ultrasonic, Turbine flow meter, Hot – wire
anemometer, Laser Doppler Anemometer (LDA).
Measurement of Speed: Mechanical Tachometers – Electrical tachometers – Stroboscope,
Noncontact type of tachometer
Measurement of Acceleration and Vibration: Different simple instruments – Principles of Seismic
instruments – Vibrometer and accelerometer using this principle.
Department Of Mechanical Engineering,MRCET.
,UNIT-IV:
Stress Strain Measurements: Various types of stress and strain measurements – electrical
strain gauge – gauge factor – method of usage of resistance strain gauge for bending
compressive and tensile strains – usage for measuring torque, Strain gauge Rosettes.
Measurement of Humidity – Moisture content of gases, sling psychrometer, Absorption
psychrometer, Dew pointmeter.
UNIT – V:
Measurement of Force, Torque And Power- Elastic force meters, load cells, Torsion meters,
Dynamometers.
Elements of Control Systems: Introduction, Importance – Classification – Open and closed systems
Servomechanisms– Examples with block diagrams–Temperature, speed & position control systems.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
Learner should be able to Identify and select proper measuring instrument for specific
application Illustrate working principle of measuring instruments.
Explain calibration methodology and error analysis related to measuring instruments
Mathematically model and analyze.
o Should know how to measure the stress, strain after applying the load and humidity of
air contains.
Able to understand measurement of Force, Torque and Power Elements of Control
Systems
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Mechanical Measurements / Beck With, Marangoni, Linehar/ PHI Publisher
2. Measurement Systems: Applications & design / D.S Kumar/McGraw Hill Publishers
3. Mechanical Measurements /Shawney/McGraw Hill Publishers
REFERENCES:
1. Experimental Methods for Engineers / Holman/ McGraw-Hill Education
2. Mechanical and Industrial Measurements / R.K. Jain/ Khanna Publishers.
3. Instrumentation and Mechanical Measurements / A.K. Tayal / Galgotia Publications.
Department Of Mechanical Engineering,MRCET.
, CONTENTS
UNIT NO NAME OF THE UNIT PAGE NO
Definition, Measurement of Displacement 7-41
I
Measurement of Temperature, Measurement of 42-74
II
Pressure, Measurement of Level
Flow Measurement, Measurement of Speed, 75-88
III
Measurement of Acceleration and Vibration
Stress Strain Measurements, Measurement of 89 -113
IV
Humidity
Measurement of Force, Torque And Power, Elements 114-138
V
of Control Systems
4
MECHANICAL MEASUREMENTS AND
INSTRUMENTATION
(R20A0329)
B.Tech –IV Year –I Semester
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
(An Autonomous Institution – UGC, Govt.of India)
Recognizes under 2(f) and 12(B) of UGC ACT 1956
(Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad, Approved by AICTE –Accredited by NBA & NAAC-“A” Grade-ISO 9001:2015
Certified)
Department Of Mechanical Engineering,MRCET.
, MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
To impart knowledge of architecture of the measurement system.
To deliver working principle of mechanical measurement system.
To study concept of measurement flow and speed of rotating shaft
To analyze the stress and strain measurements and humidity measurements
To understand the Measurement of Force, Torque and Power Elements of Control
Systems
UNIT – I:
Definition – Basic principles of measurement – Measurement systems, generalized
configuration and functional descriptions of measuring instruments – examples. Dynamic
performance characteristics – sources of error, Classification and elimination of error.
Measurement of Displacement: Theory and construction of various transducers to measure
displacement – Piezo electric, Inductive, capacitance, resistance, ionization and Photo electric
transducers, Calibration procedures.
UNIT – II:
Measurement of Temperature: Classification – Ranges – Various Principles of measurement –
Expansion, Electrical Resistance – Thermistor – Thermocouple – Pyrometers – Temperature Indicators.
Measurement of Pressure: Units – classification – different principles used. Manometers, Piston,
Bourdon pressure gauges, Bellows – Diaphragm gauges. Low pressure measurement – Thermal
conductivity gauges – ionization pressure gauges, Mcleod pressure gauge.
Measurement of Level: Direct method – Indirect methods – capacitative, ultrasonic, magnetic,
cryogenic fuel level indicators – Bubler level indicators.
UNIT – III:
Flow Measurement: Rotameter, magnetic, Ultrasonic, Turbine flow meter, Hot – wire
anemometer, Laser Doppler Anemometer (LDA).
Measurement of Speed: Mechanical Tachometers – Electrical tachometers – Stroboscope,
Noncontact type of tachometer
Measurement of Acceleration and Vibration: Different simple instruments – Principles of Seismic
instruments – Vibrometer and accelerometer using this principle.
Department Of Mechanical Engineering,MRCET.
,UNIT-IV:
Stress Strain Measurements: Various types of stress and strain measurements – electrical
strain gauge – gauge factor – method of usage of resistance strain gauge for bending
compressive and tensile strains – usage for measuring torque, Strain gauge Rosettes.
Measurement of Humidity – Moisture content of gases, sling psychrometer, Absorption
psychrometer, Dew pointmeter.
UNIT – V:
Measurement of Force, Torque And Power- Elastic force meters, load cells, Torsion meters,
Dynamometers.
Elements of Control Systems: Introduction, Importance – Classification – Open and closed systems
Servomechanisms– Examples with block diagrams–Temperature, speed & position control systems.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
Learner should be able to Identify and select proper measuring instrument for specific
application Illustrate working principle of measuring instruments.
Explain calibration methodology and error analysis related to measuring instruments
Mathematically model and analyze.
o Should know how to measure the stress, strain after applying the load and humidity of
air contains.
Able to understand measurement of Force, Torque and Power Elements of Control
Systems
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Mechanical Measurements / Beck With, Marangoni, Linehar/ PHI Publisher
2. Measurement Systems: Applications & design / D.S Kumar/McGraw Hill Publishers
3. Mechanical Measurements /Shawney/McGraw Hill Publishers
REFERENCES:
1. Experimental Methods for Engineers / Holman/ McGraw-Hill Education
2. Mechanical and Industrial Measurements / R.K. Jain/ Khanna Publishers.
3. Instrumentation and Mechanical Measurements / A.K. Tayal / Galgotia Publications.
Department Of Mechanical Engineering,MRCET.
, CONTENTS
UNIT NO NAME OF THE UNIT PAGE NO
Definition, Measurement of Displacement 7-41
I
Measurement of Temperature, Measurement of 42-74
II
Pressure, Measurement of Level
Flow Measurement, Measurement of Speed, 75-88
III
Measurement of Acceleration and Vibration
Stress Strain Measurements, Measurement of 89 -113
IV
Humidity
Measurement of Force, Torque And Power, Elements 114-138
V
of Control Systems
4
