SOCIALOGY CHAPTER 1-4 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

SOCIALOGY CHAPTER 1-4 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Abstraction – ANSWER-the human capacity to create general ideas or ways of thinking that are not linked to particular instances .anticipatory socialization - ANSWER-learning the norms and behaviours of the roles to which one aspires .consumerism – ANSWER-the tendency to define ourselves in terms of the goods and services we purchase .cooperation – ANSWER-the human capacity to create a complex social life by sharing resources and working together .countercultures – ANSWER-subversive subcultures that oppose dominant values and seek to replace them .cultural relativism – ANSWER-the belief that all cultures have equal value .culture – ANSWER-the socially transmitted practices, languages, symbols, beliefs, values, ideologies, and material objects that people create to deal with real-life problems .ego - ANSWER-Frued’s term for the mechanism that balances the id and the superego .emotion management – ANSWER-the act of obeying “feeling rules”and responding appropriately to situations .emotional labour – ANSWER-emotion management that many people do as part of their job and for which they are paid .ethnocentrism - ANSWER-the tendency to judge other cultures exclusively by the standards of your own .folkway – ANSWER-the least important type of norm-a norm that evokes the least severe punishment when violated .gender roles – ANSWER-the behaviors associated with widely shared expectations about how males and females are supposed to act .generalized other – ANSWER-according to Mead a person’s image of cultural standards and how they apply to him or her. .hidden curriculum - ANSWER-teaches students that will be expected of them as conventionally good citizens once they leave school .high culture – ANSWER-culture consumed mainly by upper class .I – ANSWER-according to Mead, the subjective and impulsive aspect of the self that is present from birth