Biochemical Engineering Final exam
questions with 100% correct answers {
graded a+}
Hydrophobic materials interact favorably with water - ✔✔False
Neutrons significantly count to atomic mass. - ✔✔True
Example of polar molecule is H2O - ✔✔True
Atomic number changes with covalent bond formation. - ✔✔False
Explain the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? - ✔✔Prokaryotes
means very simple and primitive microorganisms. They have no organelles other
than ribosomes and are single celled. On the other hand, multicellular eukaryotes
have a nucleus and other subcellular organelles surrounded by a well-defined
membrane. Prokaryotes include bacteria and blue-green algae, while Eukaryotes
include fungi, algae, protozoa, plant cells, insect cells, and animal cells.
,Explain the structure of carbohydrates and proteins. Explain in terms of bonding
between its atoms. - ✔✔Carbohydrates are giant macromolecules/biomolecules.
They are the polymers of monomers called monosaccharides, connected together
by glycosidic bond. Their molecular structure is [C(H2O)]x; where x>3. Each
carbon atom has a hydroxyl group, except for the terminal carbon that with an
aldehyde group. All the carbon atoms and their functional groups are covalently
bonded. However, hydrogen bonds are also formed due to the strong
electronegative oxygen atom. Carbohydrates of carbon atoms more than 5 have a
tendency to undergo a cyclization reaction. Polysaccharides breaks down into its
monomers via hydrolysis. Sugar monomers are generally water soluble crystalline
solids. Carbohydrates exhibits stereoisomerism. Proteins are polymer made up of
monomers called amino acids. There are 20 different types of amino acids, also
known as α-amino acids, consist of an amine group, a carboxylic acid group, and a
side group (R): all connected to the alpha-carbon atom. Amino acids are also
amphiphilic in nature because they can make internal salt due to negatively
charged carboxyl group and positively charged amine group. Amino acids have a
side group known as amino acid residue. Different amino acids connect together
via a peptide or dipeptide bond to make polymer chains. The structure of proteins
has primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures, depending on the
bonding interactions.
, Element X has an electronic configuration of 2,8,7. Its valence is: - ✔✔1
All of the following are considered true about bacteria, except: - ✔✔True and
well defined nucleus
Under normal or physiological conditions, which group is negatively charged: -
✔✔Carboxyl group
Which one of the following is true about lipids: - ✔✔Hydrophilic head and
hydrophobic tail
The concept of "induced fit" refers to the fact that: - ✔✔substrate binding may
induce a conformational change in the enzyme, which then brings catalytic groups
into proper orientation.
In the α-helix the hydrogen bonds: - ✔✔are roughly parallel to the axis of the
helix
The most common secondary structure of protein is - ✔✔α-helix
Tertiary structure is maintained by - ✔✔peptide bond, hydrogen bond, di-sulphide
bond, All of the above
A dipeptide has - ✔✔2 amino acids and 1 peptide bond
questions with 100% correct answers {
graded a+}
Hydrophobic materials interact favorably with water - ✔✔False
Neutrons significantly count to atomic mass. - ✔✔True
Example of polar molecule is H2O - ✔✔True
Atomic number changes with covalent bond formation. - ✔✔False
Explain the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? - ✔✔Prokaryotes
means very simple and primitive microorganisms. They have no organelles other
than ribosomes and are single celled. On the other hand, multicellular eukaryotes
have a nucleus and other subcellular organelles surrounded by a well-defined
membrane. Prokaryotes include bacteria and blue-green algae, while Eukaryotes
include fungi, algae, protozoa, plant cells, insect cells, and animal cells.
,Explain the structure of carbohydrates and proteins. Explain in terms of bonding
between its atoms. - ✔✔Carbohydrates are giant macromolecules/biomolecules.
They are the polymers of monomers called monosaccharides, connected together
by glycosidic bond. Their molecular structure is [C(H2O)]x; where x>3. Each
carbon atom has a hydroxyl group, except for the terminal carbon that with an
aldehyde group. All the carbon atoms and their functional groups are covalently
bonded. However, hydrogen bonds are also formed due to the strong
electronegative oxygen atom. Carbohydrates of carbon atoms more than 5 have a
tendency to undergo a cyclization reaction. Polysaccharides breaks down into its
monomers via hydrolysis. Sugar monomers are generally water soluble crystalline
solids. Carbohydrates exhibits stereoisomerism. Proteins are polymer made up of
monomers called amino acids. There are 20 different types of amino acids, also
known as α-amino acids, consist of an amine group, a carboxylic acid group, and a
side group (R): all connected to the alpha-carbon atom. Amino acids are also
amphiphilic in nature because they can make internal salt due to negatively
charged carboxyl group and positively charged amine group. Amino acids have a
side group known as amino acid residue. Different amino acids connect together
via a peptide or dipeptide bond to make polymer chains. The structure of proteins
has primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures, depending on the
bonding interactions.
, Element X has an electronic configuration of 2,8,7. Its valence is: - ✔✔1
All of the following are considered true about bacteria, except: - ✔✔True and
well defined nucleus
Under normal or physiological conditions, which group is negatively charged: -
✔✔Carboxyl group
Which one of the following is true about lipids: - ✔✔Hydrophilic head and
hydrophobic tail
The concept of "induced fit" refers to the fact that: - ✔✔substrate binding may
induce a conformational change in the enzyme, which then brings catalytic groups
into proper orientation.
In the α-helix the hydrogen bonds: - ✔✔are roughly parallel to the axis of the
helix
The most common secondary structure of protein is - ✔✔α-helix
Tertiary structure is maintained by - ✔✔peptide bond, hydrogen bond, di-sulphide
bond, All of the above
A dipeptide has - ✔✔2 amino acids and 1 peptide bond
