PENN FOSTER BIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS 100% VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
3 parts of human ear
The outer ear- collects sound waves from the environment through skin-covered flaps of
cartilage called the pinna. The outer ear sends these waves to the middle ear.
The middle ear- sends sound waves to the inner ear. An air-filled cavity and three small
bones transmit vibrations.damage to the middle ear results in conduction deafness.
The inner ear -contains the vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea. inner ear also
includes fluid-filled sacs that detect motions of the head and send information about
balance to the brain.
Bronchi
2 branches of trachea enter lungs
Epidermis
outermost layer of skin
Cuticle
waxy, restricts loss and resists attacks by microorganisms
Stomata
open and close, like pores
ground tissue
makes up bulk of the plant body
3 types of simple Ground tissue
Parenchyma cells- thin walls; active in photosynthesis and storage
Collenchyma cells- provide support to primary tissues
Sclerenchyma cells- fibrous cells that give stalks their gravity resisting strength
vascular tissue
Plant tissue consisting of cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients
throughout the plant body.
vascular tissue composition tissues
,xylem- conducts water and dissolved minerals through plant body. also functions as
mechanical support for the plant. Cells that make up the xylem are Tracheids and
Vessels( composed of vessel elements are actually dead at maturity)
Phloem- conducts sugar and other solutes throughout the plant. Sieve and Tube
Members are alive at maturity. Sugar that goes through the phloem is unloaded where
there's cell growth or where food storage is needed.
shoot system
The aboveground part of a plant comprising stems, leaves, and flowers (in
angiosperms).
root system
All of a plant's roots that anchor it in the soil, absorb and transport minerals and water,
and store food.
root
specialized structures to absorption of minerals and water from the soil
primary growth
cellular division within terminal buds of the shoot and root systems which causes them
to increase in length
Perennial plants
outlast winter because their roots can survive to produce new shoots in spring
annual plants
survive only one season
Leaf composition
Simple-
blade attached to petiole (stalk that connects the blade to the stem)
types of flowering plants based on embryonic leaves
Monocots- single cotyledons in their seeds
Eudicots(dicots) two cotyledons in their seeds
embryonic leaves
cotyledons
mesophyll
, the tissue that carries out the work of photosynthesis and leaf veins which transport
materials to and from mesophyll cells
distinct regions of mesophyll cells
Palisade mesophyll- elongated cells
Spongy mesophyll- irregularly shaped cells surrounded by air spaces. Facilitates a max
exposure of cell surface areas for gas exchange and water loss
nonwoody stems
(like daisies)
woody stems
include bark, which is composed of cork, cork cambium, cortex, and phloem
lumber is secondary xylem
builds up year after year in tree trunk or branch.
growth zone special tissues
vascular cylinder-consisting of xylem and phloem
Endodermis- controls the passage of minerals into vascular tissue
Pericycle- can form lateral roots
Cortex- contains starch granules
Epidermis- has root hairs
monocot root vs eudicot root
Monocot roots are very similar to eudicot roots, but they don't produce the secondary
growth that forms wood. Also, the tissues of monocots are arranged differently to
include a central ground tissue
Pith
central ground tissue
Nutrients
elements essential for a given organisms growth and survival
Essential plant elements
O2, Hydrogen, and Carbon
Macronutrients
A chemical substance that an organism must obtain in relatively large amounts
Plant adaptations
SOLUTIONS 100% VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
3 parts of human ear
The outer ear- collects sound waves from the environment through skin-covered flaps of
cartilage called the pinna. The outer ear sends these waves to the middle ear.
The middle ear- sends sound waves to the inner ear. An air-filled cavity and three small
bones transmit vibrations.damage to the middle ear results in conduction deafness.
The inner ear -contains the vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea. inner ear also
includes fluid-filled sacs that detect motions of the head and send information about
balance to the brain.
Bronchi
2 branches of trachea enter lungs
Epidermis
outermost layer of skin
Cuticle
waxy, restricts loss and resists attacks by microorganisms
Stomata
open and close, like pores
ground tissue
makes up bulk of the plant body
3 types of simple Ground tissue
Parenchyma cells- thin walls; active in photosynthesis and storage
Collenchyma cells- provide support to primary tissues
Sclerenchyma cells- fibrous cells that give stalks their gravity resisting strength
vascular tissue
Plant tissue consisting of cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients
throughout the plant body.
vascular tissue composition tissues
,xylem- conducts water and dissolved minerals through plant body. also functions as
mechanical support for the plant. Cells that make up the xylem are Tracheids and
Vessels( composed of vessel elements are actually dead at maturity)
Phloem- conducts sugar and other solutes throughout the plant. Sieve and Tube
Members are alive at maturity. Sugar that goes through the phloem is unloaded where
there's cell growth or where food storage is needed.
shoot system
The aboveground part of a plant comprising stems, leaves, and flowers (in
angiosperms).
root system
All of a plant's roots that anchor it in the soil, absorb and transport minerals and water,
and store food.
root
specialized structures to absorption of minerals and water from the soil
primary growth
cellular division within terminal buds of the shoot and root systems which causes them
to increase in length
Perennial plants
outlast winter because their roots can survive to produce new shoots in spring
annual plants
survive only one season
Leaf composition
Simple-
blade attached to petiole (stalk that connects the blade to the stem)
types of flowering plants based on embryonic leaves
Monocots- single cotyledons in their seeds
Eudicots(dicots) two cotyledons in their seeds
embryonic leaves
cotyledons
mesophyll
, the tissue that carries out the work of photosynthesis and leaf veins which transport
materials to and from mesophyll cells
distinct regions of mesophyll cells
Palisade mesophyll- elongated cells
Spongy mesophyll- irregularly shaped cells surrounded by air spaces. Facilitates a max
exposure of cell surface areas for gas exchange and water loss
nonwoody stems
(like daisies)
woody stems
include bark, which is composed of cork, cork cambium, cortex, and phloem
lumber is secondary xylem
builds up year after year in tree trunk or branch.
growth zone special tissues
vascular cylinder-consisting of xylem and phloem
Endodermis- controls the passage of minerals into vascular tissue
Pericycle- can form lateral roots
Cortex- contains starch granules
Epidermis- has root hairs
monocot root vs eudicot root
Monocot roots are very similar to eudicot roots, but they don't produce the secondary
growth that forms wood. Also, the tissues of monocots are arranged differently to
include a central ground tissue
Pith
central ground tissue
Nutrients
elements essential for a given organisms growth and survival
Essential plant elements
O2, Hydrogen, and Carbon
Macronutrients
A chemical substance that an organism must obtain in relatively large amounts
Plant adaptations
