UNIT 2: ORGANISATION OF THE ORGANISM
Plant cell Animal cell
Regular shape Irregular shape
Cell membrane:
Thin layer of protein and fat that controls what goes in and out of the cell
Partially permeable
Keep contents of cell inside and forms a barrier between the cell and its
surrounding
Cell wall: No cell wall
Fully permeable
Made of cellulose that form criss-cross fibre
which is a very strong covering to protect,
support and stop bursting
Cytoplasm:
Nearly all water to contain many dissolved substances and where metabolic
reactions take place
Contains ribosomes on rough endoplasmic reticulum and vesicles
Vacuoles: Contain cell sap that press Vesicles: Contain water or food
outwards, help keep in shape
Chloroplast: No chloroplast
Have chlorophyll that photosynthesis
Contain starch grains (made by
photosynthesis)
Nucleus:
Store genetic information in chromosome, found in organism’s parents and
helps cell make the right sorts of proteins
Chromosomes are long, thin, cannot be seen easily. Can be seen when the cell
is dividing, they become thick and short
Mitochondria: Glycogen:
Powerhouse of the cell Reserve fuel and can be
Release energy, ATP broken down by glucose
Where aerobic respiration occurs Mitochondria use glycogen in
Cells with high rates of metabolism require liver cell, transport in blood to
large numbers of mitochondria to provide other cells
sufficient energy
Inner membrane is folded to increase the
surface area for faster respiration
Ribosomes:
Can be attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum or scattered freely in the
cytoplasm
Make protein by joining amino acids together in long chains ( done according
to instruction carried on DNA)
Almost all cells, except prokaryotes, have mitochondria and rough
endoplasmic reticulum
Plant cell Animal cell
Regular shape Irregular shape
Cell membrane:
Thin layer of protein and fat that controls what goes in and out of the cell
Partially permeable
Keep contents of cell inside and forms a barrier between the cell and its
surrounding
Cell wall: No cell wall
Fully permeable
Made of cellulose that form criss-cross fibre
which is a very strong covering to protect,
support and stop bursting
Cytoplasm:
Nearly all water to contain many dissolved substances and where metabolic
reactions take place
Contains ribosomes on rough endoplasmic reticulum and vesicles
Vacuoles: Contain cell sap that press Vesicles: Contain water or food
outwards, help keep in shape
Chloroplast: No chloroplast
Have chlorophyll that photosynthesis
Contain starch grains (made by
photosynthesis)
Nucleus:
Store genetic information in chromosome, found in organism’s parents and
helps cell make the right sorts of proteins
Chromosomes are long, thin, cannot be seen easily. Can be seen when the cell
is dividing, they become thick and short
Mitochondria: Glycogen:
Powerhouse of the cell Reserve fuel and can be
Release energy, ATP broken down by glucose
Where aerobic respiration occurs Mitochondria use glycogen in
Cells with high rates of metabolism require liver cell, transport in blood to
large numbers of mitochondria to provide other cells
sufficient energy
Inner membrane is folded to increase the
surface area for faster respiration
Ribosomes:
Can be attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum or scattered freely in the
cytoplasm
Make protein by joining amino acids together in long chains ( done according
to instruction carried on DNA)
Almost all cells, except prokaryotes, have mitochondria and rough
endoplasmic reticulum
