Unit 7: Animal nutrition
Type Requirement Reason Balanced diet: a diet
Protein For growth containing some of each
Child Carbohydrate For energy of the different types of
Calcium For bones and teeth nutrients, in a suitable
Active Carbohydrate For energy to build quantity and proportion
adult Protein muscle Age, gender and
Iron salts For blood activity affect the
Pregnant
Calcium For baby’s bones dietary needs of
woman
Protein For making baby’s cell humans including
Breast- A balanced For baby’s growth during pregnancy and
feeding diet For bone development whilst breast-feeding
woman
Nutrient Function Found in
s
Carbs Create energy Simple: fruits, vegetables
Used straight away or stored in Complex: refined sugar (biscuits,
liver cake)
Lipids Create energy, protect vital Bacon, cheese, oily fish, nuts,
organs butter & margarine, cooking oil
Good insulation
Proteins Repair body tissue, building Animal: meat, poultry, fish, dairy
cells Plants: nuts, bread, pasta, rice,
Extra source of energy potatoes
Vitamins Good health: skin, red blood Vegetables. (citrus) fruits, eggs,
cells, healing, clotting, healthy liver, milk, fish, sunshine
gum, good vision, strong bones
Minerals Essential for good health, Milk, cheese, cereals, red meat,
strong teeth, bones, help form vegetables
red blood cells
Nutrien Function Source Deficiency disease
ts
Vitamin Make stretchy Citrus fruit, raw Scurvy, which causes pain in
C protein, collagen, vegetables joints and muscles, bleeding
found in skin and from gum and other places
other tissues; keeps
tissues in good
repair
Vitamin Absorbed Ca for Butter, egg Rickets, in which the bones
D making teeth and yolk become soft and deformed
bones
Calcium For bones and teeth; Dairy products, Brittle bones and teeth, poor
blood clotting bread blood clotting
Iron Making haemoglobin Liver, red meat, Anaemia, there are not
, Unit 7: Animal nutrition
egg yolk, dark enough red blood cells so
green tissues do not have enough O2
vegetables delivered to them
Fibre Aids the digestive Plants Roughage, constipation
system
Essential to get rid
of waste
Ingestion: taking of substances into the body through the mouth
Mechanical digestion: breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical
change to food molecules -> increase surface area to speed up chemical digestion
Chemical digestion: breakdown of large, insoluble molecules into small soluble
molecules -> absorb small molecules which can move through the cell membrane
into blood and cells
Absorption: movement of small food molecules and ions through the wall of the
intestine into blood
Assimilation: movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body
where they are used and becoming part of the cells
Egestion: passing out of food that has not been digested or absorbed as faeces
through the anus
Diarrhoea: the loss of watery faeces
Not enough water is absorbed from the faeces
Can lead to losing dangerous amount of water and salt, causing tissues and
organs to stop working
Treatment: oral rehydration therapy
o Drink water with small amount of
dissolved salt and sugar
Cholera: a disease caused by a
waterborne bacterium, which causes
severe diarrhoea
1. Cholera bacteria produce toxins
which attach to the wall of intestine
2. Chloride ions are secreted
3. Cause water potential in lumen to
lower than in blood -> osmosis,
water flows into blood
4. Loss of salt from blood -> diarrhoea,
dehydration
Mouth
Type Requirement Reason Balanced diet: a diet
Protein For growth containing some of each
Child Carbohydrate For energy of the different types of
Calcium For bones and teeth nutrients, in a suitable
Active Carbohydrate For energy to build quantity and proportion
adult Protein muscle Age, gender and
Iron salts For blood activity affect the
Pregnant
Calcium For baby’s bones dietary needs of
woman
Protein For making baby’s cell humans including
Breast- A balanced For baby’s growth during pregnancy and
feeding diet For bone development whilst breast-feeding
woman
Nutrient Function Found in
s
Carbs Create energy Simple: fruits, vegetables
Used straight away or stored in Complex: refined sugar (biscuits,
liver cake)
Lipids Create energy, protect vital Bacon, cheese, oily fish, nuts,
organs butter & margarine, cooking oil
Good insulation
Proteins Repair body tissue, building Animal: meat, poultry, fish, dairy
cells Plants: nuts, bread, pasta, rice,
Extra source of energy potatoes
Vitamins Good health: skin, red blood Vegetables. (citrus) fruits, eggs,
cells, healing, clotting, healthy liver, milk, fish, sunshine
gum, good vision, strong bones
Minerals Essential for good health, Milk, cheese, cereals, red meat,
strong teeth, bones, help form vegetables
red blood cells
Nutrien Function Source Deficiency disease
ts
Vitamin Make stretchy Citrus fruit, raw Scurvy, which causes pain in
C protein, collagen, vegetables joints and muscles, bleeding
found in skin and from gum and other places
other tissues; keeps
tissues in good
repair
Vitamin Absorbed Ca for Butter, egg Rickets, in which the bones
D making teeth and yolk become soft and deformed
bones
Calcium For bones and teeth; Dairy products, Brittle bones and teeth, poor
blood clotting bread blood clotting
Iron Making haemoglobin Liver, red meat, Anaemia, there are not
, Unit 7: Animal nutrition
egg yolk, dark enough red blood cells so
green tissues do not have enough O2
vegetables delivered to them
Fibre Aids the digestive Plants Roughage, constipation
system
Essential to get rid
of waste
Ingestion: taking of substances into the body through the mouth
Mechanical digestion: breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical
change to food molecules -> increase surface area to speed up chemical digestion
Chemical digestion: breakdown of large, insoluble molecules into small soluble
molecules -> absorb small molecules which can move through the cell membrane
into blood and cells
Absorption: movement of small food molecules and ions through the wall of the
intestine into blood
Assimilation: movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body
where they are used and becoming part of the cells
Egestion: passing out of food that has not been digested or absorbed as faeces
through the anus
Diarrhoea: the loss of watery faeces
Not enough water is absorbed from the faeces
Can lead to losing dangerous amount of water and salt, causing tissues and
organs to stop working
Treatment: oral rehydration therapy
o Drink water with small amount of
dissolved salt and sugar
Cholera: a disease caused by a
waterborne bacterium, which causes
severe diarrhoea
1. Cholera bacteria produce toxins
which attach to the wall of intestine
2. Chloride ions are secreted
3. Cause water potential in lumen to
lower than in blood -> osmosis,
water flows into blood
4. Loss of salt from blood -> diarrhoea,
dehydration
Mouth
