Edexcel Organic Chemistry A Level Reactions Questions With Complete Solutions.

Edexcel Organic Chemistry A Level Reactions Questions With Complete Solutions. Thermal hCracking h- hcorrect hanswers. h- hHigh htemperatures h(1000C) - hHigh hpressure h(up hto h70atm) - hProduces hALKENES - hE.g. hethene h-- hpolyethene Catalytic hCracking h- hcorrect hanswers. h- hZeolite hcatalyst h - hSlight hpressure - hHigh htemperature h(450C) - hProduces hAROMATICS Reformation h- hcorrect hanswers. hAlkanes h-- hcycloalkanes/ haromatic hhydrocarbons h - hStraight hchain halkanes hare ha hlot hmore hlikely hto h'knock' - hPt hCatalyst h(ct) Alkene h→ hAlkane h- hcorrect hanswers. h- hHydrogen - h150C - hNi hct h - hHydrogenation - hIrreversible Alkene h→ hHalogenoalkane h- hcorrect hanswers. h- hElectrophilic hAddition - hBromine hwater - hOrange h-- hcolourless - hIrreversible Alkene h→ hAlcohol h- hcorrect hanswers. h- hH20 h(steam) - h300C - hPhosphoric hAcid - hReversible hrxn Alkenes h→ hDiol h- hcorrect hanswers. h- hAcidified hpotassium hmanganate - hPurple hto hcolourless Halogenoalkane h→ hAlcohol h- hcorrect hanswers. h- hWater - hwarm hAqueous hKOH hand hREFLUX Compare hreactivities hof hhalogenoalkanes h- hcorrect hanswers. h- haqueous hAgNO3, hethanol hand hR-X R-X hand hH2O h-- hR-OH hand hX- Halogenoalkanes h→ hNitriles h- hcorrect hanswers. h- hREFLUX - hKCN h(ethanol) Halogenoalkanes h→ hamines h- hcorrect hanswers. h- hNH3 h(ethanol) - hprimary hamine h- hsecondary h- Halogenoalkane h→ halkene h- hcorrect hanswers. h- hKOH h(ethanol) - hREFLUX PRODUCTS: hH20 hand hKBr Alcohol h→ hchloroalkanes h- hcorrect hanswers. h- hPCl5 hor hHCl h(tertiary) ROH h+ hPCl5 h-- hPOCl3 h+ hRCl h+ hHCl Alcohol h→ hbromoalkane h- hcorrect hanswers. h- hKBr hand h50% hconc hsulfuric hacid h - hRTP Alcohol h→ hiodoalkane h- hcorrect hanswers. h- hred hphosphorus hand hiodine hin hsitu ROH h+PI3 h-- hRI h+ hH3PO3 Alcohol h→ halkene h- hcorrect hanswers. h- hH3PO4 -Heat hmixture alcohol h-- halkene hand hwater Refluxing h- hcorrect hanswers. hOrganic hreactions hare hallow hand hare hflammable/ hvolatile/ Reflux h= hmixture his hheated hin ha hflask hwith ha hvertical hLiebig hcondenser Tollen's hReagent h- hcorrect hanswers. hColourless hsolution hof hAgNO3 h(ammonia) h +ve h= hsilver hmirror Ag(NH3)2+ h+ helectron h-- hAg h+ hNH3 Fehling's hsolution h- hcorrect hanswers. hBlue hsolution hof hcomplexed hCu2+ hdissolved hin hNaOH Aldehyde: hblue h-- hred Ketone hblue h-- hblue Aldehyde h→ hprimary halcohol h Ketone h→ hsecondary halcohol h- hcorrect hanswers. hLiAlH4 hin hdry hether Carbonyl h→ hhydroxynitrile h- hcorrect hanswers. hNUCLEOPHILIC hADDITION - hHCN h→ hH+ h+ hCN- CN- hattacks hoxygen hon hC=O hbond h HCN his ha hhighly htoxic hgas, hinstead hin hthe hlab hacidified hKCN his hused - hcarbonyl his hplanar hso hthe hCN- hcan hattack hit hfrom heither hside hcreating ha hracemic hmixture 2,4 h-DNPH h- hcorrect hanswers. h2,4 h-DNPH his hdissolved hin hmethanol hand hconc hH2SO4 +ve h= hbright horange hppt h= hcarbonyl hgroup h(not hCOOH) orange hppt hcan hbe hrecrystallised h-- hmeasure hbp Carbonyl hand hIodine h- hcorrect hanswers. h- hcarbonyls hwith ha hmethyl hcarbonyl hgroup h(so hethanal hor hketone) - hproduced hCHI3 h= hyellow hppt hand hantiseptic hsmell Primary halcohol h→ hCOOH h- hcorrect hanswers. h- hXS hacidified hpotassium hdichromate - horange h-- hgreen REFLUX Nitrile h-- hCOOH h- hcorrect hanswers. hhydrolysis hof hnitriles - hReflux hwith hHCl hand hdistill hoff hCOOH COOH hand hNaOH h- hcorrect hanswers. hCOOH hand hNaOH→ hCOO-Na+ hand hH20 COOH hand hNa h- hcorrect hanswers. hCOOH hand hNa h→ hCOO- hand hH2 COOH h→ hprimary halcohol h- hcorrect hanswers. hLiAlH4 hin hdry hether COOH h→ hacyl hchloride h- hcorrect hanswers. hCOOH hand hPCl5 h-- hCOCl h+ hPCl3 h+ hHCL Making hesters hfrom halcohols hand hCOOH h- hcorrect hanswers. h- hHeat ha hCOOH hand han halcohol hwith hAN hACID hCt - hSulfuric hacid ESTERIFICATION e.g. hethanoic hacid hand hethanol h-- hethyl hethanoate hand hwater REVERSIBLE hRXN Collect hthe hproduct hby hdistillation h- h80C Ethyl hethanoate his hpear hsmelling hand his hused has ha hpineapple hflavouring hand ha hsolvent hin hchromatography Acid hhydrolysis hof hesters h- hcorrect hanswers. hester h+ hwater h-- halcohol h+ hCOOH - hreflux hwith hdilute hHCl - hreversible hrxn Base hhydrolysis hof hesters h- hcorrect hanswers. hester h+ hOH- h→ hCOO- h+ hethanol