Microscope: Parts and Functions
Ocular lens (Eyepiece) – part to look through Head/body – carries optical parts
Diopter adjustment – holds objective lens Arm (Carrying handle, frame) – connects base to head
Nose piece – hold optical lenses and eyepiece tube to the base
Objective lens – main optical lens Mechanical stage – specimen is placed for viewing
Stage clip – holds slide Coarse adjustment – focus microscope; adjust stage
Aperture – hole in stage for transmitted light Fine adjustment – resolution, clear image
Diaphragm – controls light Stage controls – adjust stage and clip
Condenser – focuses light Base – microscope support, carries microscopic
Illuminator – light source illuminators
Brightness adjustment – adjust brightness
Light switch – turn the illuminator on and off
Plant Cells
Plant cells and Animal Cells have: Plants have:
1. Nucleus - contains the genetic information of the 1. Cell Wall - Outermost layer
cells. - Composed of cellulose
- Largest bound organelle - The one responsible for trigidity or structure of the
- Amino acids makes up proteins plants
2. Cytoplasm - Space with no organelle - Cell Wall- Cellulose- Plasma Membrane
3. Cytosol - Space with organelles 2. PLANT CELL IS AUTOTROPH
4. Cell Membrane - Semi-permeable - Plant cell makes their own food( glucose) from the
- Double membrane process of photosynthesis.
- Chooses what compound can enter a cell • Photo - sunlight
- control its chemistry ANIMAL CELL IS HETEROTROPH - Consume other organisms
5. Mitochondria - The powerhouse of the cell (broken down in the mitochondria) to get our sugar
- Glucose to ATP 3. CHLOROPLASTS - Contains chlorophyll
- Inner part of mitochondria is cristae • Chlorophyll - the green pigment that traps sunlight.
- 1 liver cell contains a thousand of mitochondria • Photosynthesis- Glucose - Mitochondria- ATP
6. Endoplasmic Reticulum - Network of 4. VACUOLE - Occupies 90% of the cytoplasm
• Rough - have ribosomes - Have digestive functions like lysosomes
• Smooth - have lipids, hormones, etc. - Store nutrients
• Lipids- fats are needed by organisms - Digestion of waste materials
• Too much lipids - hypercholesterolemia - Animal cells also have but it Is much smaller and many
Ribosome – make protein 5. CYTOSKELETON
ER – package protein • Microtubules(thickest and contains the protein…. -
Golgi apparatus – sorts/stores intermediate filaments(found in places that can be
7. Golgi Apparatus/Bodies stressed) - microfilaments(thinnest and most abundant)
- Transports and modifies proteins and deliver • Makes the shape or the structure of the plants
them to the organelles throughout the cell • Animal cells have centrioles (made up of microtubules
- Sorts proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum • Chlamydomonas have cytoskeleton
8. Peroxisome 6. ANIMAL CELLS HAVE LYSOSOMES
- single membrane - Have hydrolytic enzymes
- conserve oxygen - Breaks down biomolecules
- Removes hydrogen from various molecule - Involved in secretion, plasma membrane repair.
- Just like and anti-oxidant 7. PLASMODESMATA - The junction between two plant cell
- Important in maintaining chemical balance of 8. ANIMAL CELLS HAVE GAP JUNCTIONS
the cell.
Plant cell – cytoskeleton
Animal cell - centriole
Ocular lens (Eyepiece) – part to look through Head/body – carries optical parts
Diopter adjustment – holds objective lens Arm (Carrying handle, frame) – connects base to head
Nose piece – hold optical lenses and eyepiece tube to the base
Objective lens – main optical lens Mechanical stage – specimen is placed for viewing
Stage clip – holds slide Coarse adjustment – focus microscope; adjust stage
Aperture – hole in stage for transmitted light Fine adjustment – resolution, clear image
Diaphragm – controls light Stage controls – adjust stage and clip
Condenser – focuses light Base – microscope support, carries microscopic
Illuminator – light source illuminators
Brightness adjustment – adjust brightness
Light switch – turn the illuminator on and off
Plant Cells
Plant cells and Animal Cells have: Plants have:
1. Nucleus - contains the genetic information of the 1. Cell Wall - Outermost layer
cells. - Composed of cellulose
- Largest bound organelle - The one responsible for trigidity or structure of the
- Amino acids makes up proteins plants
2. Cytoplasm - Space with no organelle - Cell Wall- Cellulose- Plasma Membrane
3. Cytosol - Space with organelles 2. PLANT CELL IS AUTOTROPH
4. Cell Membrane - Semi-permeable - Plant cell makes their own food( glucose) from the
- Double membrane process of photosynthesis.
- Chooses what compound can enter a cell • Photo - sunlight
- control its chemistry ANIMAL CELL IS HETEROTROPH - Consume other organisms
5. Mitochondria - The powerhouse of the cell (broken down in the mitochondria) to get our sugar
- Glucose to ATP 3. CHLOROPLASTS - Contains chlorophyll
- Inner part of mitochondria is cristae • Chlorophyll - the green pigment that traps sunlight.
- 1 liver cell contains a thousand of mitochondria • Photosynthesis- Glucose - Mitochondria- ATP
6. Endoplasmic Reticulum - Network of 4. VACUOLE - Occupies 90% of the cytoplasm
• Rough - have ribosomes - Have digestive functions like lysosomes
• Smooth - have lipids, hormones, etc. - Store nutrients
• Lipids- fats are needed by organisms - Digestion of waste materials
• Too much lipids - hypercholesterolemia - Animal cells also have but it Is much smaller and many
Ribosome – make protein 5. CYTOSKELETON
ER – package protein • Microtubules(thickest and contains the protein…. -
Golgi apparatus – sorts/stores intermediate filaments(found in places that can be
7. Golgi Apparatus/Bodies stressed) - microfilaments(thinnest and most abundant)
- Transports and modifies proteins and deliver • Makes the shape or the structure of the plants
them to the organelles throughout the cell • Animal cells have centrioles (made up of microtubules
- Sorts proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum • Chlamydomonas have cytoskeleton
8. Peroxisome 6. ANIMAL CELLS HAVE LYSOSOMES
- single membrane - Have hydrolytic enzymes
- conserve oxygen - Breaks down biomolecules
- Removes hydrogen from various molecule - Involved in secretion, plasma membrane repair.
- Just like and anti-oxidant 7. PLASMODESMATA - The junction between two plant cell
- Important in maintaining chemical balance of 8. ANIMAL CELLS HAVE GAP JUNCTIONS
the cell.
Plant cell – cytoskeleton
Animal cell - centriole
