TEFL Unit 4, UNDERSTANDING ENGLISH
GRAMMAR.
Verb
Describes an action (doing something) or a state (being something).
'Jumping' 'Became' 'Smell' 'Solve'
Noun
Identifies people, places, and things
'Boy' 'Branch' 'Flag' 'Sky' 'Oil' 'Doctor'
Adjective
A word that describes a noun
'Purple' 'Calm' 'Cloudy' 'Fuzzy' 'Happy' 'Bald'
Adverb
Describes a verb. They express manner, place, time or degree
'Now' 'Outside' 'Almost' 'Softly' 'Truly'
Pronoun
Nouns that refer to self
'Them' 'Her' 'Our' 'Its' 'They' 'We'
Preposition
Where or when something is, in relation to something else
'Against' 'Inside' 'Prior to' 'From' 'Via' 'Per'
Conjunction
A word that joins two phrases or sentences
'After' 'Since' 'Thus' 'Gradually 'While' 'If'
Determiners
In front of nouns to indicate if referring to something specific or something or a particular type
'My' 'First' 'Another' 'Next' 'Both' 'Many'
Interjection
A short exclamation that expresses emotion
'Aah' 'Bravo' 'Hey!' 'Huh' 'Help' 'Aw'
Irregular plural nouns
, Words that do not follow the "rules" when changing to a plural
'Children' 'Women' 'Sheep'
Proper noun
Names a specific person, place, thing, or idea
'London' 'BBC' 'Bob'
Concrete noun
A thing that can be seen, heard, smelled, touched, or tasted
'Glass' 'Guitar' 'Pen' 'Sushi' 'Flower'
Abstract noun
Names an idea, a feeling, a quality, or a characteristic
'Honesty' 'Freedom' 'Nap' 'Luxury' 'Joy' 'Law' 'Life'
Countable noun
A noun that can be made plural by adding an -s. They are things we could ''Count''
'Dog - Dogs' 'Coin - Coins' 'Chair - Chairs' 'Plate - Plates' 'Fork - Forks'
Uncountable nouns
A noun that will not be made plural and cannot be ''counted''
'Music (cannot be musics)' 'Traffic (cannot be traffics)'
Adjective order
Opinion - Size - Physical properties - Age - Shape - Colour - Origin - Material - Purpose
Comparative adjective
An adjective used to compare two items
'Ahmed is TALLER THAN Pedro' 'Your cat is FATTER THAN my cat'
Superlative adjective
An adjective that compares more than two things to the highest degree
'This is THE FASTEST car in the world' 'It was THE BIGGEST cake he'd ever seen'
Sentence adverbs
An adverb that expresses a writer's or speaker's attitude towards the sentence
'UNFORTUNATELY, I won't be...' 'IN MY OPINION, he is not fit to be president'
Frequency adverb
How often something happens
'Sometimes' 'Never' 'Always'
Irregular adverbs
GRAMMAR.
Verb
Describes an action (doing something) or a state (being something).
'Jumping' 'Became' 'Smell' 'Solve'
Noun
Identifies people, places, and things
'Boy' 'Branch' 'Flag' 'Sky' 'Oil' 'Doctor'
Adjective
A word that describes a noun
'Purple' 'Calm' 'Cloudy' 'Fuzzy' 'Happy' 'Bald'
Adverb
Describes a verb. They express manner, place, time or degree
'Now' 'Outside' 'Almost' 'Softly' 'Truly'
Pronoun
Nouns that refer to self
'Them' 'Her' 'Our' 'Its' 'They' 'We'
Preposition
Where or when something is, in relation to something else
'Against' 'Inside' 'Prior to' 'From' 'Via' 'Per'
Conjunction
A word that joins two phrases or sentences
'After' 'Since' 'Thus' 'Gradually 'While' 'If'
Determiners
In front of nouns to indicate if referring to something specific or something or a particular type
'My' 'First' 'Another' 'Next' 'Both' 'Many'
Interjection
A short exclamation that expresses emotion
'Aah' 'Bravo' 'Hey!' 'Huh' 'Help' 'Aw'
Irregular plural nouns
, Words that do not follow the "rules" when changing to a plural
'Children' 'Women' 'Sheep'
Proper noun
Names a specific person, place, thing, or idea
'London' 'BBC' 'Bob'
Concrete noun
A thing that can be seen, heard, smelled, touched, or tasted
'Glass' 'Guitar' 'Pen' 'Sushi' 'Flower'
Abstract noun
Names an idea, a feeling, a quality, or a characteristic
'Honesty' 'Freedom' 'Nap' 'Luxury' 'Joy' 'Law' 'Life'
Countable noun
A noun that can be made plural by adding an -s. They are things we could ''Count''
'Dog - Dogs' 'Coin - Coins' 'Chair - Chairs' 'Plate - Plates' 'Fork - Forks'
Uncountable nouns
A noun that will not be made plural and cannot be ''counted''
'Music (cannot be musics)' 'Traffic (cannot be traffics)'
Adjective order
Opinion - Size - Physical properties - Age - Shape - Colour - Origin - Material - Purpose
Comparative adjective
An adjective used to compare two items
'Ahmed is TALLER THAN Pedro' 'Your cat is FATTER THAN my cat'
Superlative adjective
An adjective that compares more than two things to the highest degree
'This is THE FASTEST car in the world' 'It was THE BIGGEST cake he'd ever seen'
Sentence adverbs
An adverb that expresses a writer's or speaker's attitude towards the sentence
'UNFORTUNATELY, I won't be...' 'IN MY OPINION, he is not fit to be president'
Frequency adverb
How often something happens
'Sometimes' 'Never' 'Always'
Irregular adverbs
