GENERAL ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2023/2024 LATEST
TEST QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
1. Anatomy: The study of human body structure that can be seen with the naked eye and how the
body parts are organized and the science of the structure of organisms or their parts.
2. Physiology: Study of the functions or activities performed by the body's structures.
3. Histology: Also known as microscopic anatomy: The study of the structure and composition of
tissue.
4. The Study of Anatomy, physiology, and histology is important to the esthetician because::
Estheticians need to understand how the human body functions as a whole, to get a scientific basis on
the proper application of products/services and the effects the services will have on the tissues, organs,
and body systems.
5. The basic structure of the cell unit:: Protoplasm, nucleus, organelle, nucleoplasm, dna,
cytoplasm, and the cell membrane.
6. Cell Metabolism:: A chemical process that takes place in living organisms. Through metabolism,
cells are nourished and carry out their activities. The two phases of metabolism are catabolism and
anabolism. They are carried out simultaneously and continually within the cells.
7. Four types of tissue found in the human body:: Connective tissue, Epithelial tissue, Muscle
tissue, Nerve tissue. (adipose tissue a.k.a fatty tissue).
8. What are organs?: Structures composed of specialized tissues designed to perform specific
functions in plants and animals. i.e the Kidneys, liver and the skin.
9. The most important organs in the body:: Brain, eyes, heart, kidneys, lungs, liver, skin,
stomach, intestines.
10. Eleven main body systems:: Skeletal, muscular, nervous, circulatory, lym- phatic/Immune,
edocrine, digestive, excretory, respiratory, integumentary (skin), reproductive.
11. Primary functions of the skeletal system:: Forms the physical foundation of the body, allows
for body movement, produces blood for the body, stores minerals such as calcium carbonate and
calcium phosphate.
12. Three types of muscle tissue found in the body:: Striated muscles, Nonstriated muscles,
Cardiac muscle.
13. Two types of nerves found in the body:: Sensory nerves (a.k.a afferent nerves) & Motor
nerves (a.k.a efferent nerves)
14. The primary functions of the lymphatic system are:: To act as a defense against invading
bacteria and toxins, to remove waste material from the body cells to the blood, to aid in reducing
swelling, inflammation, and accumulations in the blood vessels.
15. Two types of glands in the Endocrine systems:: Exocrine glands (a.k.a duct glands) &
Endocrine glands (a.k.a ductless glands)
, 16. Organs of then the excretory system:: Kidneys, liver, skin, large intestine, the lungs.
17. Abductors: Muscles that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, away from the midline of
the body or of an extremity. In the hand, abductors seperate the finger.
18. Absorption: The transport of fully digested food into the circulatory system to feed the tissues
and cells.
19. Adductors: Muscles that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, inward toward the
median axis of the body or of an extremity. In the hand, adductors draw the fingers together.
20. Adipose tissue: A specialized connective tissue considered fat, which gives smoothness and
contour to the body and cushions and insulates the body.
21. Adrenal glands: Glands that secrete about 30 steroid hormones and control metabolic
processes of the body including the fight or flight response.
22. Anabolism: Constructive metabolism, the process of building up larger molecules from smaller
ones. During this process the body stores water, food and oxygen for the time when these substances
will be needed cell growth and repair.
23. Angular Artery: Artery that supplies blood to the side of the nose.
24. Anterior Auricular Artery: Artery that supplies blood to the front part of the ear.
25. Aorta: The body's largest artery. The arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be
distributed by branch arteries through the body.
26. Arteries: Thick-walled muscular and flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to
the capillaries throughout the body.
27. Arterioles: Small arteries that deliver bood to capillaries.
28. Artioventricular Valves: Abbreviated ATV; valves which are designed to prevent the blood from
flowing back into the pumping chamber.
29. Atrium: Thin-walled, upper chamber of the heart through which blood is pumped to the ventricles.
There is a right atrium and a left atrium.
30. Auricularis Anterior: Muscle in front of the ear that draws the ear foreward
31. Auricularis Posterior: Muscle behind the ear that draws the ear backward.
32. Auricularis superior: Muscle above the ear that draws the ear upward.
33. Auriculotemporal Nerve: Nerve that affects the external ear and skin above the temple, up to the
top of the skull.
34. Autonomic Nervous System: Abbreviated ANS; the part of the nervous system the controls the
involuntary muscles regulates the action of the smooth muscles, glands, blood vessels and heart.
35. Axon: The extension of a neuron through which impulses are sent away from the cell body to
other neurons, glands, or muscles.
36. Belly: The middle part of a muscle.
TEST QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
1. Anatomy: The study of human body structure that can be seen with the naked eye and how the
body parts are organized and the science of the structure of organisms or their parts.
2. Physiology: Study of the functions or activities performed by the body's structures.
3. Histology: Also known as microscopic anatomy: The study of the structure and composition of
tissue.
4. The Study of Anatomy, physiology, and histology is important to the esthetician because::
Estheticians need to understand how the human body functions as a whole, to get a scientific basis on
the proper application of products/services and the effects the services will have on the tissues, organs,
and body systems.
5. The basic structure of the cell unit:: Protoplasm, nucleus, organelle, nucleoplasm, dna,
cytoplasm, and the cell membrane.
6. Cell Metabolism:: A chemical process that takes place in living organisms. Through metabolism,
cells are nourished and carry out their activities. The two phases of metabolism are catabolism and
anabolism. They are carried out simultaneously and continually within the cells.
7. Four types of tissue found in the human body:: Connective tissue, Epithelial tissue, Muscle
tissue, Nerve tissue. (adipose tissue a.k.a fatty tissue).
8. What are organs?: Structures composed of specialized tissues designed to perform specific
functions in plants and animals. i.e the Kidneys, liver and the skin.
9. The most important organs in the body:: Brain, eyes, heart, kidneys, lungs, liver, skin,
stomach, intestines.
10. Eleven main body systems:: Skeletal, muscular, nervous, circulatory, lym- phatic/Immune,
edocrine, digestive, excretory, respiratory, integumentary (skin), reproductive.
11. Primary functions of the skeletal system:: Forms the physical foundation of the body, allows
for body movement, produces blood for the body, stores minerals such as calcium carbonate and
calcium phosphate.
12. Three types of muscle tissue found in the body:: Striated muscles, Nonstriated muscles,
Cardiac muscle.
13. Two types of nerves found in the body:: Sensory nerves (a.k.a afferent nerves) & Motor
nerves (a.k.a efferent nerves)
14. The primary functions of the lymphatic system are:: To act as a defense against invading
bacteria and toxins, to remove waste material from the body cells to the blood, to aid in reducing
swelling, inflammation, and accumulations in the blood vessels.
15. Two types of glands in the Endocrine systems:: Exocrine glands (a.k.a duct glands) &
Endocrine glands (a.k.a ductless glands)
, 16. Organs of then the excretory system:: Kidneys, liver, skin, large intestine, the lungs.
17. Abductors: Muscles that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, away from the midline of
the body or of an extremity. In the hand, abductors seperate the finger.
18. Absorption: The transport of fully digested food into the circulatory system to feed the tissues
and cells.
19. Adductors: Muscles that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, inward toward the
median axis of the body or of an extremity. In the hand, adductors draw the fingers together.
20. Adipose tissue: A specialized connective tissue considered fat, which gives smoothness and
contour to the body and cushions and insulates the body.
21. Adrenal glands: Glands that secrete about 30 steroid hormones and control metabolic
processes of the body including the fight or flight response.
22. Anabolism: Constructive metabolism, the process of building up larger molecules from smaller
ones. During this process the body stores water, food and oxygen for the time when these substances
will be needed cell growth and repair.
23. Angular Artery: Artery that supplies blood to the side of the nose.
24. Anterior Auricular Artery: Artery that supplies blood to the front part of the ear.
25. Aorta: The body's largest artery. The arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be
distributed by branch arteries through the body.
26. Arteries: Thick-walled muscular and flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to
the capillaries throughout the body.
27. Arterioles: Small arteries that deliver bood to capillaries.
28. Artioventricular Valves: Abbreviated ATV; valves which are designed to prevent the blood from
flowing back into the pumping chamber.
29. Atrium: Thin-walled, upper chamber of the heart through which blood is pumped to the ventricles.
There is a right atrium and a left atrium.
30. Auricularis Anterior: Muscle in front of the ear that draws the ear foreward
31. Auricularis Posterior: Muscle behind the ear that draws the ear backward.
32. Auricularis superior: Muscle above the ear that draws the ear upward.
33. Auriculotemporal Nerve: Nerve that affects the external ear and skin above the temple, up to the
top of the skull.
34. Autonomic Nervous System: Abbreviated ANS; the part of the nervous system the controls the
involuntary muscles regulates the action of the smooth muscles, glands, blood vessels and heart.
35. Axon: The extension of a neuron through which impulses are sent away from the cell body to
other neurons, glands, or muscles.
36. Belly: The middle part of a muscle.
