HOSA NUTRITION 2024/2025
REVISED
Absorption
Taking up of nutrients in the intestines
Adipose tissue
Fatty tissue
Aerobic metabolism
Combining nutrient oxygen within the cell; also called oxidation.
Albumin
Protein that occurs in blood plasma
Alkalosis
Condition in which excess base accumulates in, or acids are lost from, the body.
Amino acids
Nitrogen containing chemical compounds of which protein is composed
Amphetamines
Drugs intended to inhibit appetite
Anemia
Condition caused by insufficient number of red blood cells, hemoglobin or blood volume.
Angina pectoris
Pain in the heart muscle due to inadequate blood supply.
arteriosclerosis
Generic term for thickened arteries
Arthritis
Chronic disease involving the joints
ascites
Abnormal collection of fluid in the abdomen.
aspartame
Artificial sweetener made from two amino acid; does not require insulin for metabolism
aspirated
Inhaled or suctioned
Atherosclerosis
a form of arteriolosclerosis affecting the intima (inner lining) of the artery walls
avitaminosis
Without vitamins
Beriberi
Deficiency disease caused by lack of vitamin b1 thiamine. Legs feel heavy feet burn and
muscles degenerate.
Basal metabolism rate BMR
The rate at which energy is needed for body maintenance.
bile
, Secretion of the liver, stored in the gallbladder, essential for the digestion of fat.
Bioavailable
The ability of a nutrient to be readily absorbed and used by the body
biotin
a B vitamin, necessary for metabolism
Bolus
Food in the mouth that is ready to be swallowed
Botulism
Deadliest of food poisoning; cost by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum
bran
outer covering of grain kernels. Contains minerals B vitamins cellulose and protein
Buffer systems
Protective systems regulating amounts of hydrogen ions in body fluids
Cachexia
Severe malnutrition and body wasting caused by chronic disease
caliper
Mechanical device used to measure percentage of body fat by skinfold measurement
calorie
Represents the amount of heat needed to raise temperature of 1 kg of water 1°C
Carboxypeptidase
pancreatic enzyme necessary for protein digestion
nutrients (6)
Chemical substances that are found in food and necessary for good health.
Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water.
Essential nutrient
Nutrients found only in food
Carbohydrates
About 50% of diet. Provides energy. Protein sparing action. Normal fat metabolism.
Three types.
Monosaccharides
Simplest form of carbohydrates. No digestion required. Can be easily absorbed directly
into the blood stream from the small intestine they include glucose fructose and
galactose
Disaccharides
Double sugars. Hydrolysis to monosaccharides. Examples are sucrose maltose and
lactose
Lactose intolerance
Inability to digest lactose because if you lack of the enzyme lactase; causes abdominal
cramps and diarrhea
Polysaccharides
Complex carbohydrates containing combinations of monosaccharides. Examples
include starch dextrin cellulose and glycogen
Glycogen
Glucose that is stored in the liver and muscles. Approximately 1/2 day supply of energy
is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles
Fiber
REVISED
Absorption
Taking up of nutrients in the intestines
Adipose tissue
Fatty tissue
Aerobic metabolism
Combining nutrient oxygen within the cell; also called oxidation.
Albumin
Protein that occurs in blood plasma
Alkalosis
Condition in which excess base accumulates in, or acids are lost from, the body.
Amino acids
Nitrogen containing chemical compounds of which protein is composed
Amphetamines
Drugs intended to inhibit appetite
Anemia
Condition caused by insufficient number of red blood cells, hemoglobin or blood volume.
Angina pectoris
Pain in the heart muscle due to inadequate blood supply.
arteriosclerosis
Generic term for thickened arteries
Arthritis
Chronic disease involving the joints
ascites
Abnormal collection of fluid in the abdomen.
aspartame
Artificial sweetener made from two amino acid; does not require insulin for metabolism
aspirated
Inhaled or suctioned
Atherosclerosis
a form of arteriolosclerosis affecting the intima (inner lining) of the artery walls
avitaminosis
Without vitamins
Beriberi
Deficiency disease caused by lack of vitamin b1 thiamine. Legs feel heavy feet burn and
muscles degenerate.
Basal metabolism rate BMR
The rate at which energy is needed for body maintenance.
bile
, Secretion of the liver, stored in the gallbladder, essential for the digestion of fat.
Bioavailable
The ability of a nutrient to be readily absorbed and used by the body
biotin
a B vitamin, necessary for metabolism
Bolus
Food in the mouth that is ready to be swallowed
Botulism
Deadliest of food poisoning; cost by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum
bran
outer covering of grain kernels. Contains minerals B vitamins cellulose and protein
Buffer systems
Protective systems regulating amounts of hydrogen ions in body fluids
Cachexia
Severe malnutrition and body wasting caused by chronic disease
caliper
Mechanical device used to measure percentage of body fat by skinfold measurement
calorie
Represents the amount of heat needed to raise temperature of 1 kg of water 1°C
Carboxypeptidase
pancreatic enzyme necessary for protein digestion
nutrients (6)
Chemical substances that are found in food and necessary for good health.
Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water.
Essential nutrient
Nutrients found only in food
Carbohydrates
About 50% of diet. Provides energy. Protein sparing action. Normal fat metabolism.
Three types.
Monosaccharides
Simplest form of carbohydrates. No digestion required. Can be easily absorbed directly
into the blood stream from the small intestine they include glucose fructose and
galactose
Disaccharides
Double sugars. Hydrolysis to monosaccharides. Examples are sucrose maltose and
lactose
Lactose intolerance
Inability to digest lactose because if you lack of the enzyme lactase; causes abdominal
cramps and diarrhea
Polysaccharides
Complex carbohydrates containing combinations of monosaccharides. Examples
include starch dextrin cellulose and glycogen
Glycogen
Glucose that is stored in the liver and muscles. Approximately 1/2 day supply of energy
is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles
Fiber
