HOSA NUTRITION TEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
Macronutrients
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins & water
Main function & caloric intake of Carbohydrates
energy, 4 Kilocalories, 50-60% of daily caloric intake
Main function & caloric intake of Lipids
storage of energy; 9Kcal; less than 30 % of daily caloric intake
Main function & caloric intake of Protein
structure; 4Kcal; or 15-25% of daily caloric intake
3 main catagories of carbohydrates
monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
Monosaccharide
simplest: glucose, fructose, galactose
Disaccharide
sucrose, maltose, lactose & lactulose
Polysaccharide
starch, glycogen, soluble & insoluble
Fiber is subdivided into
soluble & insoluble
RDA for fibers is
25-35 per day
Soluble fiber
helps to reduce blood cholesterol levels
Insoluble fiber
is important for colon health
4 disorders of carbohydrate metabolism
galactosemia, primary lactase deficiency, lactose intolerance, sucrase deficiency
Galatosemia
inherited, early onset, accumulation of galatose in blood, severe symptoms = failure to
thrive
Primary lactase deficiency
body cannot digest lactose, GI symptoms, early onset
Lactose intolerance
later onset, varied severity, various causes: inheritance, increased antibiotic use
Sucrase deficiency
similar to lactase deficiency:body cannot digest sucrase, GI symptoms, early onset
Functions of Carbohydrates
primary energy source for energy; balance protein & fat metabolism; fiber: important for
bowel fx, waste elimination & blood sugar control; liver detox
Amino acids
the basic building blocks for proteins
, Proteins are subdivided into
essential & nonessential
Urea/Ammonia
the main waste product produced by protein metabolism
Dietary sources of protein
complete: animal based; incomplete: plant based
Complete & incomplete protein forms
are based upon the range of amino acids present
Disorders of protein
Celiac disease & Milk protein allergy
2 types of protein malnutrition
Maramus; Kwashiorkor disease
Maramus
"starvation"; both protein & calorie deficiency
Kwashiorkor Disease
protein deficiency with appropriate caloric intake
Functions of amino acids
tissue repair; immune system support; neurotransmitter support; growth; osmotic
balance; pH balance
Fats
should comprise no more than 30% of daily caloric intake
Fatty acids are named based on
number of carbohydrates, degree of saturation & location of the first double bond
Saturated fats
have no double bonds
Saturated fats come from
animal sources
Mono-unsaturated Fats
have one double bond
Poly-unsaturated Fats
have many double bonds
Mono & Poly-unsaturated Fats
come from plant sources
2 groups of essential fatty acids
omega 6 (linoleic acid); omega 3 (linolenic acid)
Results of essential fatty acid deficiency
dermatitis & blood clotting
Trans-fats
the hydrogenation of unsaturated fats
Trans-fats promote
increased cholesterol; fatty liver
Function of fats
energy storage; protect & insulate organs; slow gastric emptying
2 major types of cholesterol
based on the density: HDL (high density lipids) & LDL (low density lipids)
LDL (low density lipids)
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
Macronutrients
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins & water
Main function & caloric intake of Carbohydrates
energy, 4 Kilocalories, 50-60% of daily caloric intake
Main function & caloric intake of Lipids
storage of energy; 9Kcal; less than 30 % of daily caloric intake
Main function & caloric intake of Protein
structure; 4Kcal; or 15-25% of daily caloric intake
3 main catagories of carbohydrates
monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
Monosaccharide
simplest: glucose, fructose, galactose
Disaccharide
sucrose, maltose, lactose & lactulose
Polysaccharide
starch, glycogen, soluble & insoluble
Fiber is subdivided into
soluble & insoluble
RDA for fibers is
25-35 per day
Soluble fiber
helps to reduce blood cholesterol levels
Insoluble fiber
is important for colon health
4 disorders of carbohydrate metabolism
galactosemia, primary lactase deficiency, lactose intolerance, sucrase deficiency
Galatosemia
inherited, early onset, accumulation of galatose in blood, severe symptoms = failure to
thrive
Primary lactase deficiency
body cannot digest lactose, GI symptoms, early onset
Lactose intolerance
later onset, varied severity, various causes: inheritance, increased antibiotic use
Sucrase deficiency
similar to lactase deficiency:body cannot digest sucrase, GI symptoms, early onset
Functions of Carbohydrates
primary energy source for energy; balance protein & fat metabolism; fiber: important for
bowel fx, waste elimination & blood sugar control; liver detox
Amino acids
the basic building blocks for proteins
, Proteins are subdivided into
essential & nonessential
Urea/Ammonia
the main waste product produced by protein metabolism
Dietary sources of protein
complete: animal based; incomplete: plant based
Complete & incomplete protein forms
are based upon the range of amino acids present
Disorders of protein
Celiac disease & Milk protein allergy
2 types of protein malnutrition
Maramus; Kwashiorkor disease
Maramus
"starvation"; both protein & calorie deficiency
Kwashiorkor Disease
protein deficiency with appropriate caloric intake
Functions of amino acids
tissue repair; immune system support; neurotransmitter support; growth; osmotic
balance; pH balance
Fats
should comprise no more than 30% of daily caloric intake
Fatty acids are named based on
number of carbohydrates, degree of saturation & location of the first double bond
Saturated fats
have no double bonds
Saturated fats come from
animal sources
Mono-unsaturated Fats
have one double bond
Poly-unsaturated Fats
have many double bonds
Mono & Poly-unsaturated Fats
come from plant sources
2 groups of essential fatty acids
omega 6 (linoleic acid); omega 3 (linolenic acid)
Results of essential fatty acid deficiency
dermatitis & blood clotting
Trans-fats
the hydrogenation of unsaturated fats
Trans-fats promote
increased cholesterol; fatty liver
Function of fats
energy storage; protect & insulate organs; slow gastric emptying
2 major types of cholesterol
based on the density: HDL (high density lipids) & LDL (low density lipids)
LDL (low density lipids)
