Pharmacology-USMLE-Step 1 Solutions
Neutropenia - ANS-A common side effects of Interferon (INF) treatment is?
TMP-SMZ - ANS-Antimicrobial prophylaxis for a history of recurrent UTIs
Ceftriaxone - ANS-Antimicrobial prophylaxis for Gonorrhea
Rifampin (DOC), minocycline - ANS-Antimicrobial prophylaxis for
Meningococcal infection
TMP-SMZ (DOC), aerosolized pentamidine - ANS-Antimicrobial prophylaxis for PCP
Benzathine penicillin G - ANS-Antimicrobial prophylaxis for Syphilis Yes - ANS-Are
Aminoglycosides Teratogenic?
No - ANS-Are Ampicillin and Amoxicillin penicillinase resistant?
No - ANS-Are Carbenicillin, Piperacillin, and Ticarcillin penicillinase resistant?
No, but they are less susceptible than the other Beta lactams - ANS-Are
Cephalosporins resistant to penicillinase?
Yes - ANS-Are Methicillin, Nafcillin, and Dicloxacillin penicillinase resistant?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the only agent used as solo prophylaxis against TB -
ANS-Clinical use of Isoniazid (INH)?
Pseudomembranous colitis (C. difficile), fever, diarrhea - ANS-Common side effects
associated with Clindamycin include?
GI upset, Superinfections, Skin rashes, Headache, Dizziness - ANS-Common toxicities
associated with Fluoroquinolones?
Teratogenic, Carcinogenic, Confusion, Headaches - ANS-Common toxicities associated
with Griseofulvin?
,Glycoproteins from leukocytes that block various stages of viral RNA and DNA
synthesis - ANS-Describe the MOA of Interferons (INF)
Only in limited amounts - ANS-Do Tetracyclines penetrate the CNS?
AmOxicillin has greater Oral bioavailability - ANS-Does Ampicillin or Amoxicillin have a
greater oral bioavailability?
No - ANS-Does Amprotericin B cross the BBB?
No - ANS-Does Foscarnet require activation by a viral kinase?
Nephrotoxicity - ANS-Foscarnet toxicity?
Leukopenia, Neutropenia, Thrombocytopenia, Renal toxicity -
ANS-Ganciclovir associated toxicities?
Chronic Hepatitis A and B, Kaposi's Sarcoma - ANS-How are Interferons (INF) used
clinically?
Gram +, Gram -, Norcardia, Chlamydia - ANS-How are Sulfonamides employed
clinically?
Triple Therapy' 2 Nucleoside RT Inhibitors with a Protease Inhibitor - ANS-How are the
HIV drugs used clinically?
Primaquine - ANS-How are the Latent Hypnozoite (Liver) forms of Malaria (P. vivax,
P.ovale) treated?
Pyridoxine (B6) administration - ANS-How can Isoniazid (INH)-induced neurotoxicity be
prevented?
Fast vs. Slow Acetylators - ANS-How can the t1/2 of INH be altered? With
supplemental Folic Acid - ANS-How can the toxic effects of TMP be ameliorated?
Pretreat with antihistamines and a slow infusion rate - ANS-How can
Vancomycin-induced 'Red Man Syndrome' be prevented?
,As PABA antimetabolites that inhibit Dihydropteroate Synthase, Bacteriostatic -
ANS-How do Sulfonamides act on bacteria?
Inhibt Assembly of new virus by Blocking Protease Enzyme - ANS-How do the Protease
Inhibitors work?
Ganciclovir is more toxic to host enzymes - ANS-How does Ganciclovir's toxicity relate
to that of Acyclovir?
With an amino acid change of D-ala D-ala to D-ala D-lac - ANS-How does resistance to
Vancomycin occur?
HSV, VZV, EBV, Mucocutaneous and Genital Herpes Lesions, Prophylaxis in
Immunocompromised pts - ANS-How is Acyclovir used clinically?
Prophylaxis for Influenza A, Rubella; Parkinson's disease - ANS-How is Amantadine
used clinically?
Intrathecally - ANS-How is Amphotericin B administered for fungal meningitis?
Wide spectrum of systemic mycoses: Cryptococcus, Blastomyces, Coccidioides,
Aspergillus, Histoplasma, Candida, Mucor - ANS-How is Amphotericin B used clinically?
Meningitis (H. influenza, N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae), Conserative treatment due to
toxicities - ANS-How is Chloramphenical used clinically?
CMV Retinitis in IC pts when Ganciclovir fails - ANS-How is Foscarnet used clinically?
Phosphorylation by a Viral Kinase - ANS-How is Ganciclovir activated? CMV, esp in
Immunocompromised patients - ANS-How is Ganciclovir used clinically? Oral
treatment of superficial infections - ANS-How is Griseofulvin used clinically?
Pentavalent Antimony - ANS-How is Leishmaniasis treated?
for RSV - ANS-How is Ribavirin used clinically?
1. Mycobacterium tuberculosis 2. Delays resistance to Dapsone when used of Leprosy
, 3. Used in combination with other drugs - ANS-How is Rifampin used clinically?
Used in combination therapy with SMZ to sequentially block folate synthesis - ANS-How
is Trimethoprim used clinically?
For serious, Gram + multidrug-resistant organisms - ANS-How is Vancomycin used
clinically?
Suramin - ANS-How would you treat African Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)?
Premature infants, because they lack UDP-glucuronyl transferase - ANS-In what
population does Gray Baby Syndrome occur? Why?
No - ANS-Is Aztreonam cross-allergenic with penicillins?
Yes - ANS-Is Aztreonam resistant to penicillinase?
No - ANS-Is Aztreonam usually toxic?
Yes - ANS-Is Imipenem resistant to penicillinase?
No - duh - ANS-Is Penicillin penicillinase resistant?
Penicillin-G - ANS-IV Penicillin
Foscarnet = pyroFosphate analog - ANS-Mnemonic for Foscarnet?
1)Binds penicillin-binding proteins 2) Blocks transpeptidase cross- linking of cell wall 3)
Activates autolytic enzymes - ANS-MOA for Penicillin (3 answers)?
Penicillin, Cephalosporins, Vancomycin, Aminoglycosides,
Fluoroquinolones, Metronidazole - ANS-MOA: Bactericidal antibiotics
Penicillin, Ampicillin, Ticarcillin, Pipercillin, Imipenem, Aztreonam, Cephalosporins -
ANS-MOA: Block cell wall synthesis by inhib. Peptidoglycan cross-linking (7)
Quinolones - ANS-MOA: Block DNA topoisomerases
Rifampin - ANS-MOA: Block mRNA synthesis
Neutropenia - ANS-A common side effects of Interferon (INF) treatment is?
TMP-SMZ - ANS-Antimicrobial prophylaxis for a history of recurrent UTIs
Ceftriaxone - ANS-Antimicrobial prophylaxis for Gonorrhea
Rifampin (DOC), minocycline - ANS-Antimicrobial prophylaxis for
Meningococcal infection
TMP-SMZ (DOC), aerosolized pentamidine - ANS-Antimicrobial prophylaxis for PCP
Benzathine penicillin G - ANS-Antimicrobial prophylaxis for Syphilis Yes - ANS-Are
Aminoglycosides Teratogenic?
No - ANS-Are Ampicillin and Amoxicillin penicillinase resistant?
No - ANS-Are Carbenicillin, Piperacillin, and Ticarcillin penicillinase resistant?
No, but they are less susceptible than the other Beta lactams - ANS-Are
Cephalosporins resistant to penicillinase?
Yes - ANS-Are Methicillin, Nafcillin, and Dicloxacillin penicillinase resistant?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the only agent used as solo prophylaxis against TB -
ANS-Clinical use of Isoniazid (INH)?
Pseudomembranous colitis (C. difficile), fever, diarrhea - ANS-Common side effects
associated with Clindamycin include?
GI upset, Superinfections, Skin rashes, Headache, Dizziness - ANS-Common toxicities
associated with Fluoroquinolones?
Teratogenic, Carcinogenic, Confusion, Headaches - ANS-Common toxicities associated
with Griseofulvin?
,Glycoproteins from leukocytes that block various stages of viral RNA and DNA
synthesis - ANS-Describe the MOA of Interferons (INF)
Only in limited amounts - ANS-Do Tetracyclines penetrate the CNS?
AmOxicillin has greater Oral bioavailability - ANS-Does Ampicillin or Amoxicillin have a
greater oral bioavailability?
No - ANS-Does Amprotericin B cross the BBB?
No - ANS-Does Foscarnet require activation by a viral kinase?
Nephrotoxicity - ANS-Foscarnet toxicity?
Leukopenia, Neutropenia, Thrombocytopenia, Renal toxicity -
ANS-Ganciclovir associated toxicities?
Chronic Hepatitis A and B, Kaposi's Sarcoma - ANS-How are Interferons (INF) used
clinically?
Gram +, Gram -, Norcardia, Chlamydia - ANS-How are Sulfonamides employed
clinically?
Triple Therapy' 2 Nucleoside RT Inhibitors with a Protease Inhibitor - ANS-How are the
HIV drugs used clinically?
Primaquine - ANS-How are the Latent Hypnozoite (Liver) forms of Malaria (P. vivax,
P.ovale) treated?
Pyridoxine (B6) administration - ANS-How can Isoniazid (INH)-induced neurotoxicity be
prevented?
Fast vs. Slow Acetylators - ANS-How can the t1/2 of INH be altered? With
supplemental Folic Acid - ANS-How can the toxic effects of TMP be ameliorated?
Pretreat with antihistamines and a slow infusion rate - ANS-How can
Vancomycin-induced 'Red Man Syndrome' be prevented?
,As PABA antimetabolites that inhibit Dihydropteroate Synthase, Bacteriostatic -
ANS-How do Sulfonamides act on bacteria?
Inhibt Assembly of new virus by Blocking Protease Enzyme - ANS-How do the Protease
Inhibitors work?
Ganciclovir is more toxic to host enzymes - ANS-How does Ganciclovir's toxicity relate
to that of Acyclovir?
With an amino acid change of D-ala D-ala to D-ala D-lac - ANS-How does resistance to
Vancomycin occur?
HSV, VZV, EBV, Mucocutaneous and Genital Herpes Lesions, Prophylaxis in
Immunocompromised pts - ANS-How is Acyclovir used clinically?
Prophylaxis for Influenza A, Rubella; Parkinson's disease - ANS-How is Amantadine
used clinically?
Intrathecally - ANS-How is Amphotericin B administered for fungal meningitis?
Wide spectrum of systemic mycoses: Cryptococcus, Blastomyces, Coccidioides,
Aspergillus, Histoplasma, Candida, Mucor - ANS-How is Amphotericin B used clinically?
Meningitis (H. influenza, N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae), Conserative treatment due to
toxicities - ANS-How is Chloramphenical used clinically?
CMV Retinitis in IC pts when Ganciclovir fails - ANS-How is Foscarnet used clinically?
Phosphorylation by a Viral Kinase - ANS-How is Ganciclovir activated? CMV, esp in
Immunocompromised patients - ANS-How is Ganciclovir used clinically? Oral
treatment of superficial infections - ANS-How is Griseofulvin used clinically?
Pentavalent Antimony - ANS-How is Leishmaniasis treated?
for RSV - ANS-How is Ribavirin used clinically?
1. Mycobacterium tuberculosis 2. Delays resistance to Dapsone when used of Leprosy
, 3. Used in combination with other drugs - ANS-How is Rifampin used clinically?
Used in combination therapy with SMZ to sequentially block folate synthesis - ANS-How
is Trimethoprim used clinically?
For serious, Gram + multidrug-resistant organisms - ANS-How is Vancomycin used
clinically?
Suramin - ANS-How would you treat African Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)?
Premature infants, because they lack UDP-glucuronyl transferase - ANS-In what
population does Gray Baby Syndrome occur? Why?
No - ANS-Is Aztreonam cross-allergenic with penicillins?
Yes - ANS-Is Aztreonam resistant to penicillinase?
No - ANS-Is Aztreonam usually toxic?
Yes - ANS-Is Imipenem resistant to penicillinase?
No - duh - ANS-Is Penicillin penicillinase resistant?
Penicillin-G - ANS-IV Penicillin
Foscarnet = pyroFosphate analog - ANS-Mnemonic for Foscarnet?
1)Binds penicillin-binding proteins 2) Blocks transpeptidase cross- linking of cell wall 3)
Activates autolytic enzymes - ANS-MOA for Penicillin (3 answers)?
Penicillin, Cephalosporins, Vancomycin, Aminoglycosides,
Fluoroquinolones, Metronidazole - ANS-MOA: Bactericidal antibiotics
Penicillin, Ampicillin, Ticarcillin, Pipercillin, Imipenem, Aztreonam, Cephalosporins -
ANS-MOA: Block cell wall synthesis by inhib. Peptidoglycan cross-linking (7)
Quinolones - ANS-MOA: Block DNA topoisomerases
Rifampin - ANS-MOA: Block mRNA synthesis
