NR-503 Epidemiology final Exam Questions
and Answers 2024/2025
cultural competence
the ability of providers and organizations to effectively deliver health care services that meet the
social, cultural, and linguistic needs of patients.
is defined as "a dynamic, fluid, continuous process whereby an individual, system or health care
agency find meaningful and useful care delivery strategies based on knowledge of the cultural
heritage, beliefs, attitudes, and behavior of those to whom they render care"
culturally competent health care system
can help improve health outcomes and quality of care and can contribute to the elimination of racial
and ethnic health disparities. ex. of strategies to move the health care system towards these goals
include providing relevant training on cultural competence and cross cultural issues to health
professionals and creating policies that reduce administrative and linguistic barriers to patient care.
cultural awareness
is their understanding of the differences between themselves and people from other countries or
other backgrounds, especially differences in attitudes and values.
Self-examination of one's own prejudices and biases toward other cultures. An in-depth exploration
of one's own cultural/ethnic background.
Norms
rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members in any given situation. It
varies widely across cultural groups. For ex. American maintain fairly direct eye contact when
conversing with others. Asians, on the other hand, may avert their eyes as a sign of politeness ad
respect.
values
the ideas, beliefs, and attitudes about what is important that help guide the way you live. It has major
influences on a person's behavior and attitude and serve as broad guidelines in all situations. some
common business ____ are fairness, innovation, and community involvement.
The Kleinman explanatory model- consists of 3 sectors.
the popular sector, the professional sector and the folk sector. the model can be used to determine
how individuals make decisions.
socioeconomic status (SES)
is an economic and sociological combined total measure of a person's work experience and of an
individual's or family's economic and social position in relation to others, based on income, education,
and occupation.
disparities
the term is often interpreted to mean racial or ethnic disparities, many dimensions of disparity exist in
the U.S, particularly in health. If a health outcome is seen to a greater or lesser extent between
populations, there disparity. Race or ethnicity, sex, sexual identity, age, disability, socioeconomic
status, and geographic location all contribute to an individual's ability to achieve good health. It is
important to recognize the impact that social determinants have on health outcomes of specific
populations. healthy people strives to improve the health of all groups.
, Minorities
a culturally, ethnically, or racially distinct group that coexists with but is subordinate to a more
dominant group. as the term is used I the social sciences, this subordinacy is the chief defining
characteristic of a minority group. As such, minority status does not necessarily correlate population.
food desert
an urban area in which it is difficult to buy affordable or good-quality fresh food.
determinant of health
the range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status
determinants of health fall under several broad categories
policymaking, social factors, health services, individuals behavior, biology and genetics.
It is the interrelationships among these factors that determine individual and population health.
Because of this, interventions that target multiple determinants of health are most likely to be
effective. Determinants of health reach beyond the boundaries of traditional health care and public
health sectors; sectors such as education, housing, transportation, agriculture, and environment can
be important allies in improving population health.
Social determinants of health
· Availability of resources to meet daily needs, such as educational and job opportunities, living wages,
or healthful foods
· Social norms and attitudes, such as discrimination
· Exposure to crime, violence, and social disorder, such as the presence of trash
· Social support and social interactions
· Exposure to mass media and emerging technologies, such as the Internet or cell phones
· Socioeconomic conditions, such as concentrated poverty
· Quality schools
· Transportation options
· Public safety
· Residential segregation.
They are important because they play a huge part on how a person is treated an how prone they are
to have a certain condition.
Social justice
implies that there is a fair and equitable distribution of benefits and burdens in a society
Data Sources used to assess determinants of health include:
Chronic Disease Indicators, Interactive Atlas of Heart Disease and Stroke, National Center for
HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention Atlas, National Environmental Public Health Tracking
Network, and The Social Vulnerability Index.
Genetic testing
analyzes your DNA to detect specific, inheritable, disease-related gene mutations that may increase
the risk of certain cancers. It provides you with an in-depth cancer risk assessment.
Genomics
and Answers 2024/2025
cultural competence
the ability of providers and organizations to effectively deliver health care services that meet the
social, cultural, and linguistic needs of patients.
is defined as "a dynamic, fluid, continuous process whereby an individual, system or health care
agency find meaningful and useful care delivery strategies based on knowledge of the cultural
heritage, beliefs, attitudes, and behavior of those to whom they render care"
culturally competent health care system
can help improve health outcomes and quality of care and can contribute to the elimination of racial
and ethnic health disparities. ex. of strategies to move the health care system towards these goals
include providing relevant training on cultural competence and cross cultural issues to health
professionals and creating policies that reduce administrative and linguistic barriers to patient care.
cultural awareness
is their understanding of the differences between themselves and people from other countries or
other backgrounds, especially differences in attitudes and values.
Self-examination of one's own prejudices and biases toward other cultures. An in-depth exploration
of one's own cultural/ethnic background.
Norms
rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members in any given situation. It
varies widely across cultural groups. For ex. American maintain fairly direct eye contact when
conversing with others. Asians, on the other hand, may avert their eyes as a sign of politeness ad
respect.
values
the ideas, beliefs, and attitudes about what is important that help guide the way you live. It has major
influences on a person's behavior and attitude and serve as broad guidelines in all situations. some
common business ____ are fairness, innovation, and community involvement.
The Kleinman explanatory model- consists of 3 sectors.
the popular sector, the professional sector and the folk sector. the model can be used to determine
how individuals make decisions.
socioeconomic status (SES)
is an economic and sociological combined total measure of a person's work experience and of an
individual's or family's economic and social position in relation to others, based on income, education,
and occupation.
disparities
the term is often interpreted to mean racial or ethnic disparities, many dimensions of disparity exist in
the U.S, particularly in health. If a health outcome is seen to a greater or lesser extent between
populations, there disparity. Race or ethnicity, sex, sexual identity, age, disability, socioeconomic
status, and geographic location all contribute to an individual's ability to achieve good health. It is
important to recognize the impact that social determinants have on health outcomes of specific
populations. healthy people strives to improve the health of all groups.
, Minorities
a culturally, ethnically, or racially distinct group that coexists with but is subordinate to a more
dominant group. as the term is used I the social sciences, this subordinacy is the chief defining
characteristic of a minority group. As such, minority status does not necessarily correlate population.
food desert
an urban area in which it is difficult to buy affordable or good-quality fresh food.
determinant of health
the range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status
determinants of health fall under several broad categories
policymaking, social factors, health services, individuals behavior, biology and genetics.
It is the interrelationships among these factors that determine individual and population health.
Because of this, interventions that target multiple determinants of health are most likely to be
effective. Determinants of health reach beyond the boundaries of traditional health care and public
health sectors; sectors such as education, housing, transportation, agriculture, and environment can
be important allies in improving population health.
Social determinants of health
· Availability of resources to meet daily needs, such as educational and job opportunities, living wages,
or healthful foods
· Social norms and attitudes, such as discrimination
· Exposure to crime, violence, and social disorder, such as the presence of trash
· Social support and social interactions
· Exposure to mass media and emerging technologies, such as the Internet or cell phones
· Socioeconomic conditions, such as concentrated poverty
· Quality schools
· Transportation options
· Public safety
· Residential segregation.
They are important because they play a huge part on how a person is treated an how prone they are
to have a certain condition.
Social justice
implies that there is a fair and equitable distribution of benefits and burdens in a society
Data Sources used to assess determinants of health include:
Chronic Disease Indicators, Interactive Atlas of Heart Disease and Stroke, National Center for
HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention Atlas, National Environmental Public Health Tracking
Network, and The Social Vulnerability Index.
Genetic testing
analyzes your DNA to detect specific, inheritable, disease-related gene mutations that may increase
the risk of certain cancers. It provides you with an in-depth cancer risk assessment.
Genomics
