HESI MILESTONE 2 PRACTICE Questions and
Answers (2024/2025)(Verified Answers)
A client with GERD is being treated with dietary management. The client states, "I like to have a glass
of juice everyday." Which juice will the nurse recommend?
Answer: Apple Juice
A primary healthcare provider prescribes a low-sodium, high-potassium diet for client with Cushing
Syndrome. Which explanation should the nurse provide to the client about the need to follow this
diet?
Answer: "Excessive aldosterone and cortisone cause retention of sodium and loss of potassium."
.Two clients with polydipsia and polyuria arrived at the hospital. Both were having similar symptoms
but were diagnosed with different types of diabetes insipidus. Which assessment finding helped to
differentiate the diagnosis?
Answer: Urine Osmolarity
A client has a history of GERD. Why should the nurse monitor the client for clinical manifestation of
heart disease?
Esophageal pain may imitate the symptoms of a heart attack
A nurse is teaching a 15-year-old adolescent with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes about self-care.
What is the primary long-term goal this nurse and client should agree on?
Maintaining normoglycemia
The nurse is caring for a client before, during and immediately after surgery. Which type of care is
provided to the client?
Care that supports homeostatic regulation
A 15-year-old with cystic fibrosis (CF) is admitted with a respiratory infection. The nurse determines
that the adolescent is cyanotic, has a barrel-shaped chest, and is in the 10th percentile for both height
and weight. What is the priority nursing intervention?
Performing postural drainage
A nurse is planning to teach a school-aged child with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes about self-care.
After an assessment of what the child knows about diabetes, what is the next nursing intervention?
Developing a sequence of goals with the child and parents.
The nurse concludes that a client with glaucoma needs education when the client makes which
statement?
"It is dangerous for me to use sedatives."
Sedatives have no effect on intraocular pressure
A mother reports feeding her infant immediately before arriving in the emergency department. After
completing the assessment, the nurse reports which finding immediately to the primary healthcare
provider because it likely indicated pyloric stenosis?
Peristaltic waves that transverse the epigastrium.
,.The registered nurse is teaching a student nurse the points to be included while educating a client on
cortisol replacement therapy about self-management. Which statement provided by the student
nurse indicates the need for further teaching?
"I will advise the client to take the medication before meals."
Two clients with polydipsia and polyuria arrived at the hospital. Both were having similar symptoms
but were diagnosed with different types of diabetes insipidus. Which assessment finding helped to
differentiate the diagnosis?
Urine osmolarity
A client with a completed ischemic stroke has a blood pressure of 180/90 mmHg. Which action should
the nurse implement?
A. Position the head of the bed (HOB) flat.
B. Withhold intravenous fluids.
C. Administer a bolus of IV fluids.
D. Give an antihypertensive medication.
D
Most ischemic strokes occur during sleep when baseline blood pressure declines or blood viscosity
increases due to minimal fluid intake. Completed strokes usually produce neurologic deficits within an
hour, and the client's current elevated blood pressure requires antihypertensive medication.
A client has been hospitalized with a femur fracture and is being treated with traction. Which action
by the nurse is the priority when caring for this client?
A. Assess neurovascular status.
B. Change the client's position.
C. Inspect the traction equipment.
D. Review pain medication orders.
A
The use of traction for long bone fractures reduces the potential for damage to the surrounding
tissues. Reports of increased pain may indicate circulatory compromise or tissue damage
(compartment syndrome). Assessing the client's neurovascular status is the nurse's highest priority.
A middle-aged male client with diabetes continues to eat an abundance of foods that are high in sugar
and fat. According to the Health Belief Model, which event is most likely to increase the client's
willingness to become compliant with the prescribed diet?
A. He visits his diabetic brother who just had surgery to amputate an infected foot.
B. He is provided with the most current information about the dangers of untreated diabetes.
C. He comments on the community service announcements about preventing complications
associated with diabetes.
D. His wife expresses a sincere willingness to prepare meals that are within his prescribed diet.
A
The loss of a limb due to diabetes by a family member should be the strongest event or "cue to
action" and is most likely to increase the client's perceived seriousness of the disease.
.A client who has heart failure is admitted with a serum potassium level of 2.9 mEq/L (2.9 mmol/L).
Which action is most important for the nurse to implement?
A. Give 20 mEq of potassium chloride.
B. Initiate continuous cardiac monitoring.
C. Arrange a consultation with the dietician.
D. Teach about the side effects of diuretics.
B
, Hypokalemia (normal 3.5 to 5 mEq/L [3.5 to 5 mmol/L]) causes changes in myocardial irritability and
ECG waveform, so it is most important for the nurse to initiate continuous cardiac monitoring to
identify ventricular ectopy or other life-threatening dysrhythmias. After cardiac monitoring is
initiated, then the potassium chloride should be given so that the effects of potassium replacement
on the cardiac rhythm can be monitored.
Which description of pain is consistent with a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis?
A. Joint pain is worse in the morning and involves symmetric joints.
B. Joint pain is better in the morning and worsens throughout the day.
C. Joint pain is consistent throughout the day and is relieved by pain medication.
D. Joint pain is worse during the day and involves unilateral joints.
A
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes joint pain and swelling. RA is
characterized by pain that is worse when arising and involves symmetric joints.
A client's susceptibility to ulcerative colitis is most likely due to which aspect in the client's history?
A. Jewish European ancestry.
B. H. pylori bowel infection.
C. Family history of irritable bowel syndrome.
D. Age between 25 and 55 years.
A
Ulcerative colitis is 4 to 5 times more common among individuals of Jewish European or Ashkenazi
ancestry.
.The client is taking digoxin for congestive heart failure. The nurse would be correct in withholding a
dose of digoxin based on which assessment?
A. serum digoxin level is 1.5.
B. blood pressure is 104/68.
C. serum potassium level is 3.
D. apical pulse is 68/min.
C
Hypokalemia can precipitate digitalis toxicity in persons receiving digoxin which will increase the
chance of dangerous dysrhythmias (normal potassium level is 3.5 to 5.5 mEq/L).
The registered nurse (RN) is assessing a male client who arrives at the clinic with severe abdominal
cramping, pain, tenesmus, and dehydration. The RN discovers that the client has had 14 to 20 loose
stools with rectal bleeding. When taking the client's medical history, which information is most for the
nurse to obtain?
A. Irritable bowel syndrome.
B. Diverticulitis.
C. Crohn's disease.
D. Ulcerative colitis.
D
The RN should ask the client if he has a history of ulcerative colitis, which is characterized by severe
abdominal cramping, pain, tenesmus, and dehydration.
The nurse is caring for a client with a stroke resulting in right-sided paresis and aphasia. The client
attempts to use the left hand for feeding and other self-care activities. The spouse becomes frustrated
and insists on doing everything for the client. Based on this data, which nursing problem should the
nurse document for this client?
A. Situational low self-esteem related to functional impairment and change in role function.
B. Disabled family coping related to dissonant coping style of significant person.
Answers (2024/2025)(Verified Answers)
A client with GERD is being treated with dietary management. The client states, "I like to have a glass
of juice everyday." Which juice will the nurse recommend?
Answer: Apple Juice
A primary healthcare provider prescribes a low-sodium, high-potassium diet for client with Cushing
Syndrome. Which explanation should the nurse provide to the client about the need to follow this
diet?
Answer: "Excessive aldosterone and cortisone cause retention of sodium and loss of potassium."
.Two clients with polydipsia and polyuria arrived at the hospital. Both were having similar symptoms
but were diagnosed with different types of diabetes insipidus. Which assessment finding helped to
differentiate the diagnosis?
Answer: Urine Osmolarity
A client has a history of GERD. Why should the nurse monitor the client for clinical manifestation of
heart disease?
Esophageal pain may imitate the symptoms of a heart attack
A nurse is teaching a 15-year-old adolescent with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes about self-care.
What is the primary long-term goal this nurse and client should agree on?
Maintaining normoglycemia
The nurse is caring for a client before, during and immediately after surgery. Which type of care is
provided to the client?
Care that supports homeostatic regulation
A 15-year-old with cystic fibrosis (CF) is admitted with a respiratory infection. The nurse determines
that the adolescent is cyanotic, has a barrel-shaped chest, and is in the 10th percentile for both height
and weight. What is the priority nursing intervention?
Performing postural drainage
A nurse is planning to teach a school-aged child with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes about self-care.
After an assessment of what the child knows about diabetes, what is the next nursing intervention?
Developing a sequence of goals with the child and parents.
The nurse concludes that a client with glaucoma needs education when the client makes which
statement?
"It is dangerous for me to use sedatives."
Sedatives have no effect on intraocular pressure
A mother reports feeding her infant immediately before arriving in the emergency department. After
completing the assessment, the nurse reports which finding immediately to the primary healthcare
provider because it likely indicated pyloric stenosis?
Peristaltic waves that transverse the epigastrium.
,.The registered nurse is teaching a student nurse the points to be included while educating a client on
cortisol replacement therapy about self-management. Which statement provided by the student
nurse indicates the need for further teaching?
"I will advise the client to take the medication before meals."
Two clients with polydipsia and polyuria arrived at the hospital. Both were having similar symptoms
but were diagnosed with different types of diabetes insipidus. Which assessment finding helped to
differentiate the diagnosis?
Urine osmolarity
A client with a completed ischemic stroke has a blood pressure of 180/90 mmHg. Which action should
the nurse implement?
A. Position the head of the bed (HOB) flat.
B. Withhold intravenous fluids.
C. Administer a bolus of IV fluids.
D. Give an antihypertensive medication.
D
Most ischemic strokes occur during sleep when baseline blood pressure declines or blood viscosity
increases due to minimal fluid intake. Completed strokes usually produce neurologic deficits within an
hour, and the client's current elevated blood pressure requires antihypertensive medication.
A client has been hospitalized with a femur fracture and is being treated with traction. Which action
by the nurse is the priority when caring for this client?
A. Assess neurovascular status.
B. Change the client's position.
C. Inspect the traction equipment.
D. Review pain medication orders.
A
The use of traction for long bone fractures reduces the potential for damage to the surrounding
tissues. Reports of increased pain may indicate circulatory compromise or tissue damage
(compartment syndrome). Assessing the client's neurovascular status is the nurse's highest priority.
A middle-aged male client with diabetes continues to eat an abundance of foods that are high in sugar
and fat. According to the Health Belief Model, which event is most likely to increase the client's
willingness to become compliant with the prescribed diet?
A. He visits his diabetic brother who just had surgery to amputate an infected foot.
B. He is provided with the most current information about the dangers of untreated diabetes.
C. He comments on the community service announcements about preventing complications
associated with diabetes.
D. His wife expresses a sincere willingness to prepare meals that are within his prescribed diet.
A
The loss of a limb due to diabetes by a family member should be the strongest event or "cue to
action" and is most likely to increase the client's perceived seriousness of the disease.
.A client who has heart failure is admitted with a serum potassium level of 2.9 mEq/L (2.9 mmol/L).
Which action is most important for the nurse to implement?
A. Give 20 mEq of potassium chloride.
B. Initiate continuous cardiac monitoring.
C. Arrange a consultation with the dietician.
D. Teach about the side effects of diuretics.
B
, Hypokalemia (normal 3.5 to 5 mEq/L [3.5 to 5 mmol/L]) causes changes in myocardial irritability and
ECG waveform, so it is most important for the nurse to initiate continuous cardiac monitoring to
identify ventricular ectopy or other life-threatening dysrhythmias. After cardiac monitoring is
initiated, then the potassium chloride should be given so that the effects of potassium replacement
on the cardiac rhythm can be monitored.
Which description of pain is consistent with a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis?
A. Joint pain is worse in the morning and involves symmetric joints.
B. Joint pain is better in the morning and worsens throughout the day.
C. Joint pain is consistent throughout the day and is relieved by pain medication.
D. Joint pain is worse during the day and involves unilateral joints.
A
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes joint pain and swelling. RA is
characterized by pain that is worse when arising and involves symmetric joints.
A client's susceptibility to ulcerative colitis is most likely due to which aspect in the client's history?
A. Jewish European ancestry.
B. H. pylori bowel infection.
C. Family history of irritable bowel syndrome.
D. Age between 25 and 55 years.
A
Ulcerative colitis is 4 to 5 times more common among individuals of Jewish European or Ashkenazi
ancestry.
.The client is taking digoxin for congestive heart failure. The nurse would be correct in withholding a
dose of digoxin based on which assessment?
A. serum digoxin level is 1.5.
B. blood pressure is 104/68.
C. serum potassium level is 3.
D. apical pulse is 68/min.
C
Hypokalemia can precipitate digitalis toxicity in persons receiving digoxin which will increase the
chance of dangerous dysrhythmias (normal potassium level is 3.5 to 5.5 mEq/L).
The registered nurse (RN) is assessing a male client who arrives at the clinic with severe abdominal
cramping, pain, tenesmus, and dehydration. The RN discovers that the client has had 14 to 20 loose
stools with rectal bleeding. When taking the client's medical history, which information is most for the
nurse to obtain?
A. Irritable bowel syndrome.
B. Diverticulitis.
C. Crohn's disease.
D. Ulcerative colitis.
D
The RN should ask the client if he has a history of ulcerative colitis, which is characterized by severe
abdominal cramping, pain, tenesmus, and dehydration.
The nurse is caring for a client with a stroke resulting in right-sided paresis and aphasia. The client
attempts to use the left hand for feeding and other self-care activities. The spouse becomes frustrated
and insists on doing everything for the client. Based on this data, which nursing problem should the
nurse document for this client?
A. Situational low self-esteem related to functional impairment and change in role function.
B. Disabled family coping related to dissonant coping style of significant person.
