BIO 205 Exam 1 Study Guide
Robert Hooke
first to observe "small chambers" in cork and coined the term cells.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
A garment maker who created his own microscopes. Detailed descriptions of microorganisms and
described bacteria for the first time.
Francisco Redi
Used unsealed/sealed meat experiment with maggots to begin showing spontaneous generation
wasn't true.
Louis Pasteur
Swan neck flask, used heat to prevent microbes. Ended spontaneous generation debate.
Developed germ theory of disease
Robert Koch
Postulates to show causative agents of disease.
Ignaz Semmelweis
Identified cause of puerperal fever in birthing clinics. Advocated importance of hand washing, wiped
fever away.
Joseph Lister
Surgeon who used antiseptic wound/incision/dressings to prevent wound infection after surgery.
Florence Nightingale
Founded first nursing school. Introduced cleaning patients beds, clothes, and rooms to reduce
infection.
John Snow
Mapped cholera outbreak in London and found the source. Studied infection control and
epidemiology.
Edward Jenner
Innoculated a boy with pus from cowpox lesion (less aggressive form of smallpox), making the boy
immune to smallpox. Smallpox vaccine.
Paul Erhlich
Used chemicals to treat infection. Chemicals can differentiate bacteria. Foundation for chemotherapy.
Trypanosomes & Treponema pallidum (syphillis)
Cell
The basic unit of structure and function in living things
, Animalcules
Little animals or microbes, 1st seen in pond water by Leeuenhoek. Now known as microorganisms.
Spontaneous Generation
Living matter arising from non-living matter (abiogenesis).
Fermentation
The chemical action of yeast on sugars. Creates beer & wine.
Germ Theory of Disease
Diseases result from microbial infection. Microbes are responsible for infection.
Pathogen
A disease causing microorganism.
Koch's Postulates
A sequence of 4 experimental steps for directly relating a specific microbe to a specific disease.
Epidemiology
The study of where/when infectious diseases occur in a population and how they are transmitted/
maintained in nature.
Vaccine
Substance prepared from killed or weakened pathogens and introduced into a body to produce
immunity.
Chemotherapy
The use of drugs to treat a disease.
Francesco Redi's experiment
Using meat and maggots, Redi put meat in sealed/unsealed/and cloth covered jars. The experiment
showed the maggots were not spontaneously generating in the meat. Proved "animals give rise to
other animals"
Pasteur's Swan Neck Experiment
step 1: flask with swan neck- air could come in, dirt could not, nothing grew in broth
step 2: flask without neck, introduced dust, things grew.
This disproved spontaneous generation
Microbiota
Group of microbes in association with the human body. Established during birth and continues after.
Ex. Normal flora
Mold
Robert Hooke
first to observe "small chambers" in cork and coined the term cells.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
A garment maker who created his own microscopes. Detailed descriptions of microorganisms and
described bacteria for the first time.
Francisco Redi
Used unsealed/sealed meat experiment with maggots to begin showing spontaneous generation
wasn't true.
Louis Pasteur
Swan neck flask, used heat to prevent microbes. Ended spontaneous generation debate.
Developed germ theory of disease
Robert Koch
Postulates to show causative agents of disease.
Ignaz Semmelweis
Identified cause of puerperal fever in birthing clinics. Advocated importance of hand washing, wiped
fever away.
Joseph Lister
Surgeon who used antiseptic wound/incision/dressings to prevent wound infection after surgery.
Florence Nightingale
Founded first nursing school. Introduced cleaning patients beds, clothes, and rooms to reduce
infection.
John Snow
Mapped cholera outbreak in London and found the source. Studied infection control and
epidemiology.
Edward Jenner
Innoculated a boy with pus from cowpox lesion (less aggressive form of smallpox), making the boy
immune to smallpox. Smallpox vaccine.
Paul Erhlich
Used chemicals to treat infection. Chemicals can differentiate bacteria. Foundation for chemotherapy.
Trypanosomes & Treponema pallidum (syphillis)
Cell
The basic unit of structure and function in living things
, Animalcules
Little animals or microbes, 1st seen in pond water by Leeuenhoek. Now known as microorganisms.
Spontaneous Generation
Living matter arising from non-living matter (abiogenesis).
Fermentation
The chemical action of yeast on sugars. Creates beer & wine.
Germ Theory of Disease
Diseases result from microbial infection. Microbes are responsible for infection.
Pathogen
A disease causing microorganism.
Koch's Postulates
A sequence of 4 experimental steps for directly relating a specific microbe to a specific disease.
Epidemiology
The study of where/when infectious diseases occur in a population and how they are transmitted/
maintained in nature.
Vaccine
Substance prepared from killed or weakened pathogens and introduced into a body to produce
immunity.
Chemotherapy
The use of drugs to treat a disease.
Francesco Redi's experiment
Using meat and maggots, Redi put meat in sealed/unsealed/and cloth covered jars. The experiment
showed the maggots were not spontaneously generating in the meat. Proved "animals give rise to
other animals"
Pasteur's Swan Neck Experiment
step 1: flask with swan neck- air could come in, dirt could not, nothing grew in broth
step 2: flask without neck, introduced dust, things grew.
This disproved spontaneous generation
Microbiota
Group of microbes in association with the human body. Established during birth and continues after.
Ex. Normal flora
Mold
