WALDEN 6645 MID-TERM LATEST REVIEW

WALDEN 6645 MID-TERM LATEST REVIEW Modeling and Role Modeling Theory Developed by Helen Erickson and colleagues and provides an explanation of commonalities and differences amongst people. Maslow Theorist who proposed the Heirarchy of Needs that are a framework for individual growth and development. Role Modeling Process by which the nurse facilitates and nurtures the individual in attaining, mainatining, and promoting health and idenifies the patient as the expert in their own care. Modeling The nurse's development of understanding of the patient's world. Imogene King Nursing pioneer that developed the "Theory of Goal Attainment" Theory of Goal Attainment A theory, proposed by Imogene King, that explains the factors that impact goal attainment which are roles, stress, space, and time. Neuman's Systems Model A model of health that is described as "the condition in which all part and subparts, or variables are in harmony with the whole of the "client". Employs 6 steps with specific categories of data about the patient. Neuman's Systems Model Self-Care Defecit Nursing Theory Developed by Dorthea E. Orem, the theory guides that people should be self-reliant & responsible for their own care as well as family and nursing is a form of action. Relationship The foundation of psychiatric nursing that is the driver of effective change interpersonally and impacts brain chemistry. Resilience The ability of an idividual, family or community to cope with adversity and trauma, and adapt to challenges through individual physical, emotional and spiritual attributes and access to culture and social resources. Resilient Zone (RZ) The bes physiological state for thinking clearly and functioning well. High Zones and Low Zones When a traumatic event moves the patient out of their resilient zone resulting in depression, sadness or fatigue (Low Zone) or edginess, irritability or mania (Hight Zone). Self Actualization According to Maslow, the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential Stress Diathesis Model of Psychiatric Disorders It is the recognition that genetics and environment contribute to the development of psychiatric disorders. Disorders that are the result of extreme stress or trauma. PTSD, Reactive attachment disorder, actue stress disorder, adjustment disorder, True or False: Telomeres (DNA protein structures) are shorter in the presence of trauma True What percent of adults in the world experience at least one traumatic event in their lives? 70% T or F: According to the WHO 50% of the adult population has experienced physical abuse. F: 25% Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) Explains the normal mechanims of action for psychotherapy approaches which is that information is taken in through the senses and connected adaptively to other memory networks so that storing and learning occr. cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) Therapy that focuses on the individual's thoughts, beliefs, and behaviors Family therapy model Focus is on relationships and dynamics of the family unit Psychodynamic Therapy therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insight EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) therapy EMDR therapy targets body, beliefs, images, and emotions to process trauma T or F: Treatment Heirarchy refers to the order in which needs have to be met to facilitate stabilization and processing. T: It aligns with Maslow's Heirarchy of Needs Stabilization Is the phase needed before processing can occur and requires provision of safety and increasing the patient's resources to establish balance. Processing Reflects access to all dimensions of memory: behaviors, affect, sensations, cognitions, and beliefs associated with the trauma and leads to an expansion of consciousness Stage I of the Treatment Heirarchy Stabilization-Basic needs are met: food, sleep, safety, security, case managment and work towards achieiving solid state resiliency Stage II of the Treatment Hierarchy Framework Processing Stage III of the Treatment Hierarchy Framework Enhance Future Visioning Thalamus Acts as a relay station for the top-down, bottom-up neural networks that connect the cortex to the limbic system. There is constant interaction between the thalamus and the cortex, and all sensory information, except for smell, which is routed through the thalamus to the cerebral cortex. Mediates the interaction between attention and arousal and is therefore relevant to the phenomenology of trauma. T or F: Neuroimaging studies show decreased thalamic activity in subjects with PTSD True Cerebellum Just above the brainstem and helps coordinate motor, social, emotional, and cognitive functioning. Processes implicit memory. The cerebellar vermis is a worm-shaped structure between both parts of the cerebellum, and helps regulate activity in the limbic system and is important for regulating emotional balance, attention, and posture Implicit Memory Memories we don't deliberately remember or reflect on consciously. involves motor or procedural memories, emotional memories, and somatic memories that are most often formed earlier in development than explicit memories locus coeruleus Dense group of neurons found on both sides of the pons in the brainstem between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain, with projections to the amygdala, the prefrontal cortex, and the hippocampus. Stress activates this structure, which makes norepinephrine and stimulates sympathoadrenal medullary (SAM) axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis stimulation, which inhibits frontal cortex functions, allowing instinctual responses to override cognition. Complex feedback loops during acute stress, if unchecked, can result in chronic anxiety, fear, intrusive memories, and an increased risk for physical health problems, such as hypertension, tachycardia, bladder infections, asthma, migraines, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, gastroesophageal reflux disease, ulcers, and sleep, thermoregulation, and eating disorders Hippocampus Important for explicit memory, reality testing, and inhibiting the amygdala. The amygdala organizes the emotional experiences and tells the hippocampus what is important to retain. During heightened states of arousal the amygdal and hippocampus disengage and impair learning. Amygdala A limbic system structure involved in memory and emotion, particularly fear and aggression. The amygdala projects directly to cholinergic nuclei in the brainstem, geniculate nucleus of the thalamus, and the occipital nuclei and initiates REM sleep, triggering the eye movements that occur during REM sleep, and arbitrates REM-to-wake transitions Kindling effect When the amygdala is overactivated and irritable, Refers to lowering of the excitability threshold of neurons, rendering the person increasingly likely to develop certain symptoms. With repeated stress, kindling is thought to sensitize limbic neurons so that reactions are set off by stimuli that were previously subthreshold. Cerebral Cortex Organizes experiences and determines how we interact with the world. Each of the four lobes that make up the cortex—frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital—has specialized functions, with the prefrontal cortex the foremost portion of the frontal lobe Frontal Lobe A region of the cerebral cortex that has specialized areas for movement, abstract thinking, planning, memory, and judgement prefrontal cortex (PFC) the part of the frontal lobe that is just behind the forehead and is responsible for executive processing parietal lobe The parietal lobe is responsible for linking the senses with motor 62abilities and for creation of the experience of a sense of our body in space. occipital lobe Visual processing, and the temporal lobe is responsible for auditory processing, receptive language, and memory functions