(Summary) Pharmacology (Musculoskeletal
System Medications).
Inflammation
normal body response to tissue damage, body's attempt to remove damaging agent &
repair damaged tissue (pain, edema, redness, heat, loss of function)
Cyclooxygenase (COX)
is the enzyme responsible for synthesis of prostanoids
COX-1
good COX, present in all tissues, primarily mediates beneficial processes: protecting
gastric mucosa, supporting renal function, promoting platelet aggregation
Inhibition of COX-1
results largely in harmful effects: gastic erosion & ulceration, bleeding tendencies, &
renal impairment. Protection against MI & stroke
COX-2
bad COX, primarily mediates harmful processes
COX-2 sites of tissue injury
mediates inflammation & sensitizes receptors to painful stimuli
COX-2 brain
mediates fever & contributes to perception of pain
COX-2 kidney
supports renal function
COX-2 blood vessels
promotes vasodilation
COX-2 colon
contributes to colon cancer
Inhibition of COX-2 beneficial effects
suppression of inflammation, alleviation of pain, reduction of fever, protection against
colorectal cancer
Inhibition of COX-2 adverse effects
renal impairment, promotion of MI & stroke
NSAID
inhibit COX-1 (decreased platelet aggregation & kidney damage) & inhibit COX-2
(decreased inflammation, fever, & pain
NSAIDs therapeutic uses
inflammation suppression, analgesia for mild to moderate pain, fever reduction,
inhibition of platelet aggregation (aspirin)
NSAIDs adverse effects
GI discomfort, GI bleeding & perforation, renal dysfunction, increase risk of heart attack
& stroke
NSAIDs considerations
stop taking aspirin 1 week before elective surgery, take w. food, milk, or water, notify
provider if symptoms of gastric discomfort or salicylism occur
Salicylates medications
System Medications).
Inflammation
normal body response to tissue damage, body's attempt to remove damaging agent &
repair damaged tissue (pain, edema, redness, heat, loss of function)
Cyclooxygenase (COX)
is the enzyme responsible for synthesis of prostanoids
COX-1
good COX, present in all tissues, primarily mediates beneficial processes: protecting
gastric mucosa, supporting renal function, promoting platelet aggregation
Inhibition of COX-1
results largely in harmful effects: gastic erosion & ulceration, bleeding tendencies, &
renal impairment. Protection against MI & stroke
COX-2
bad COX, primarily mediates harmful processes
COX-2 sites of tissue injury
mediates inflammation & sensitizes receptors to painful stimuli
COX-2 brain
mediates fever & contributes to perception of pain
COX-2 kidney
supports renal function
COX-2 blood vessels
promotes vasodilation
COX-2 colon
contributes to colon cancer
Inhibition of COX-2 beneficial effects
suppression of inflammation, alleviation of pain, reduction of fever, protection against
colorectal cancer
Inhibition of COX-2 adverse effects
renal impairment, promotion of MI & stroke
NSAID
inhibit COX-1 (decreased platelet aggregation & kidney damage) & inhibit COX-2
(decreased inflammation, fever, & pain
NSAIDs therapeutic uses
inflammation suppression, analgesia for mild to moderate pain, fever reduction,
inhibition of platelet aggregation (aspirin)
NSAIDs adverse effects
GI discomfort, GI bleeding & perforation, renal dysfunction, increase risk of heart attack
& stroke
NSAIDs considerations
stop taking aspirin 1 week before elective surgery, take w. food, milk, or water, notify
provider if symptoms of gastric discomfort or salicylism occur
Salicylates medications
