CNA Chapter 4 Body Systems and Related
Conditions Questions and Answers (2024) (Verified
Answers)
Homeostasis
the condition in which all of the body's systems are working at their best.
Metabolism
physical and chemical process by which substances are broken down or transformed into energy or
product for use by the body.
The Ten Systems of the Human Body
1. Integumentary (skin)
2. Musculoskeletal
3. Nervous
4. Circulatory
5. Respiratory
6. Urinary
7. Gastrointestinal
8. Endocrine
9. Reproductive
10. Immune and Lymphatic
anterior or ventral
the front of the body or body part
posterior or dorsal
the back of the body or body part
superior
toward the head
inferior
away from the head
medial
Toward the midline of the body
lateral
to the side, away from the midline of the body
proximal
closer to the torso
distal
farther away from the torso
, Anatomical Terms of Location
dilate
to widen
constrict
to narrow
integumentary system
- largest organ and system
- natural protective covering
- prevents excessive loss of water and injury to internal organs
- skin made of tissue and glands
- skin is a sense organ
- regulates body temperature (Dilates if hot, which allows more blood to surface for
sweat/evaporation. constricts if cold to keep in body heat.)
How the NA Can Help (integumentary system)
* protective fatty tissue is lost, so the person may feel colder.
older adults perspire less and do not need to bathe as often. most elderly people generally need a
complete bath only twice a week, with sponge baths every day. using lotions as ordered helps to
relieve dry skin. the NA should be gentle; elderly skin may be fragile and can tear easily. hair also
becomes drier and needs to be shampooed less often. gently brushing dry hair stimulates and
distributes the natural oils. clothing and bed covers can be layered for additional warmth. bed linens
should be kept wrinkle-free. the NA should not cut residents' toenails. fluid intake should be
encouraged.
musculoskeletal system
* 206 bones in the human body
atrophy
muscle wastes away
contracture
muscle or tendon shortens, becomes inflexible, and 'freezes' in position
Range of Motion (ROM)
can help prevent atrophy and contracture
Common disorders of the musculoskeletal system
Conditions Questions and Answers (2024) (Verified
Answers)
Homeostasis
the condition in which all of the body's systems are working at their best.
Metabolism
physical and chemical process by which substances are broken down or transformed into energy or
product for use by the body.
The Ten Systems of the Human Body
1. Integumentary (skin)
2. Musculoskeletal
3. Nervous
4. Circulatory
5. Respiratory
6. Urinary
7. Gastrointestinal
8. Endocrine
9. Reproductive
10. Immune and Lymphatic
anterior or ventral
the front of the body or body part
posterior or dorsal
the back of the body or body part
superior
toward the head
inferior
away from the head
medial
Toward the midline of the body
lateral
to the side, away from the midline of the body
proximal
closer to the torso
distal
farther away from the torso
, Anatomical Terms of Location
dilate
to widen
constrict
to narrow
integumentary system
- largest organ and system
- natural protective covering
- prevents excessive loss of water and injury to internal organs
- skin made of tissue and glands
- skin is a sense organ
- regulates body temperature (Dilates if hot, which allows more blood to surface for
sweat/evaporation. constricts if cold to keep in body heat.)
How the NA Can Help (integumentary system)
* protective fatty tissue is lost, so the person may feel colder.
older adults perspire less and do not need to bathe as often. most elderly people generally need a
complete bath only twice a week, with sponge baths every day. using lotions as ordered helps to
relieve dry skin. the NA should be gentle; elderly skin may be fragile and can tear easily. hair also
becomes drier and needs to be shampooed less often. gently brushing dry hair stimulates and
distributes the natural oils. clothing and bed covers can be layered for additional warmth. bed linens
should be kept wrinkle-free. the NA should not cut residents' toenails. fluid intake should be
encouraged.
musculoskeletal system
* 206 bones in the human body
atrophy
muscle wastes away
contracture
muscle or tendon shortens, becomes inflexible, and 'freezes' in position
Range of Motion (ROM)
can help prevent atrophy and contracture
Common disorders of the musculoskeletal system
